Instrumentation for Fluid-Particle Flow: Acoustics

Publisher Summary This chapter describes several practical instrumentation for measuring fluid-particle flow. The chapter reviews the principles of acoustic measurement techniques and describes, in detail, acoustic flowmeters for solid/liquid and solid/gas pipe flows. The chapter also describe the use of ultrasound to monitor. Emphasis is given to the need for flow instruments in industrial processes. Because the environment of most industrial processes is adverse, flow instruments must meet several stringent requirements. Particularly, the instruments must be able to perform under high pressure and temperature while withstanding erosion, corrosion, and vibration. In addition, they must be rugged, low cost, and easy to operate. Electromagnetic flowmeters can be applied only to solid–liquid slurries that contain electrical conducting liquids. Coriolis flowmeters are used for solid-liquid flows, but their application is still limited because of their high cost and difficult installation requirements. Acoustic techniques applicable to solid suspensions are essentially based on measurements of three parameters—velocity, attenuation and scattering, and their dependence of these parameters on frequency (and angle of the scattering). Acoustic/ultrasonic techniques that have been developed into flow-monitoring instruments are Doppler, cross-correlation, and transit-time methods.. The chapter concludes by mentioning research needs for future sensors.

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