Neoglycoproteins: the preparation and application of synthetic glycoproteins.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of neoglycoproteins. A neoglycoprotein is defined as a glycoprotein produced chemically, in vitro , by the covalent attachment of monosaccharides or oligosaccharides to proteins that may or may not already contain naturally occurring, covalently bound carbohydrate. Excluded from this category are glycoproteins whose carbohydrate moieties are extended, in vitro , by glycosyltransferases, or altered by enzymes or other reagents. The applications of neoglycoproteins for investigating the contribution of carbohydrate to the functions mediated by glycoproteins are only now beginning to be explored. The ways in which neoglycoproteins have been used to study lectins and carbohydrate-specific antibodies could be extended to the study of other carbohydrate-binding proteins such as glycosyltransferases. Neoglycoproteins may also serve as soluble inhibitors of processes that are apparently glycoconjugate-mediated such as cell-cell adhesion. Still another possible approach to investigate the role of carbohydrate in the behavior of cells would be to attach new sugars to the cell surface by using the methods developed to prepare neoglycoproteins. The chapter describes the preparation of neoglycoproteins and desired characteristics of modification reactions. It discusses the properties of neoglycoproteins and elaborates the applications of neoglycoproteins and modification reactions.

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