Phase-locked microwave-frequency modulations in optically-injected laser diodes

Abstract Semiconductor lasers can exhibit high-frequency oscillations in their output power when subjected to near-resonant external optical injection. Limit-cycle, period-doubling and period-quadrupling dynamics are observed with characteristic frequencies which depend on the strength and frequency offset of the injected optical signal. The oscillations can be phase locked to a weak reference current modulation that is added to the dc-bias of the injected laser. With a non-optimized phase-locked loop, a phase variance of less than 0.005 rad 2 is measured.