Der Einfluss kultureller Unterschiede beim IT-Offshoring

KernpunkteDieser Beitrag zeigt auf der Basis von sechs Anwendungsentwicklungsprojekten in Indien, welche kulturellen Einflussgrößen bei der Auslagerung von IT-Projekten einzubeziehen sind, wie diese Determinanten den Projekterfolg beeinflussen und durch welche Maßnahmen von Seiten des Managements kulturelle Herausforderungen zur Sicherung des Projekterfolgs gemeistert werden können:Als kritische Kulturfaktoren haben sich Unterschiede in der Machtdistanz, dem Designverständnis und der aktiven versus passiven Arbeitseinstellung herauskristallisiert.Diese Faktoren wirken direkt auf wichtige Stellgrößen der Beziehungsqualität, wie dem Vertrauen, der Leistung des Anbieters, dem Grad der Kooperation und auftretenden Konflikten. Auf diese Weise wirken sie indirekt auf den Erfolg von Offshoring-Projekten.Eine klare Definition von Rollen und Mechanismen, starke Mitarbeiterführung und ein aktives Kulturmanagement, das eine Anpassung an die Kultur des Kunden oder an die des Anbieters beinhaltet, haben sich als effektive Managementmaßnahmen zur Bewältigung kultureller Herausforderungen herausgestellt.AbstractRecently, offshoring of information systems (IS) services to external vendors has seen considerable growth. Outsourcing to vendors in foreign countries causes unique challenges which need to be understood and managed effectively. This paper explores cultural differences in IS offshoring arrangements involving German client organizations that outsource application development activities to Indian vendors. For this purpose, a research framework is developed based on both theoretical considerations and specific empirical observations from multiple case studies. The goal is to (1) explore the nature of cultural differences in offshoring arrangements in depth and to (2) analyze the relationship between those cultural differences and offshoring success.

[1]  P. Earley East Meets West Meets Mideast: Further Explorations Of Collectivistic and Individualistic Work Groups , 1993 .

[2]  Niels Bjørn-Andersen,et al.  A cross-cultural comparison of IS designer values , 1990, CACM.

[3]  Brian Nicholson,et al.  Some political and cultural issues in the globalisation of software development: case experience from Britain and India , 2001, Inf. Organ..

[4]  Sabine M. Schäffer Die Zeitverwendung von Konsumenten , 2003 .

[5]  Rajiv Sabherwal,et al.  The role of trust in outsourced IS development projects , 1999, CACM.

[6]  Ivan M. Manev The Managerial Network in a Multinational Enterprise , 2001 .

[7]  Erran Carmel,et al.  The Maturation of Offshore Sourcing of Information Technology Work , 2002, MIS Q. Executive.

[8]  O. Shenkar,et al.  Cultural distance revisited: Towards a more rigorous conceptualization and measurement of cultural differences , 2001 .

[9]  Rajiv Sabherwal,et al.  Governance of Remotely Outsourced Software Development: A Comparison of Client and Vendor Perspectives , 2006 .

[10]  Jens Dibbern,et al.  Outsourcing der Informationsverarbeitung im Mittelstand: Test eines multitheoretischen Kausalmodells , 2001, Wirtschaftsinf..

[11]  R. Yin Case Study Research: Design and Methods , 1984 .

[12]  V. Grover,et al.  Decisions to Outsource Information Systems Functions: Testing a Strategy‐Theoretic Discrepancy Model , 1995 .

[13]  Varun Grover,et al.  The Effect of Service Quality and Partnership on the Outsourcing of Information Systems Functions , 1996, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[14]  M. Rao Key Issues for Global it Sourcing: Country and Individual Factors , 2004 .

[15]  Monica J. Parzinger,et al.  Issues in Foreign OutsourcingFocus on Applications Development and Support , 1997, Inf. Syst. Manag..

[16]  Mary Lacity,et al.  Twenty Practices for Offshore Sourcing , 2004, MIS Q. Executive.

[17]  G. Hofstede,et al.  Culture′s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values , 1980 .

[18]  Ralph Kliem,et al.  Managing the Risks of Offshore it Development Projects , 2004, Inf. Syst. Manag..

[19]  Maddy Janssens,et al.  A paradigm for confirmatory cross-cultural research in organizational-behavior , 1995 .

[20]  G. Walsham,et al.  Social Structure and Managerial Agency in India , 1997 .

[21]  Harry C. Triandis,et al.  Dimensions of Cultural Variation as Parameters of Organizational Theories , 1982 .

[22]  M. Miles,et al.  Data management and analysis methods. , 1994 .

[23]  Debajyoti Sinha,et al.  ROLE OF SOCIAL VALUES IN INDIAN ORGANIZATIONS , 1990 .

[24]  P. Blau Exchange and Power in Social Life , 1964 .

[25]  G. Hofstede Cultural constraints in management theories , 1993 .

[26]  Bandula Jayatilaka,et al.  Information systems outsourcing: a survey and analysis of the literature , 2004, DATB.

[27]  Suzanne Rivard,et al.  Development of Measures to Assess Dimensions of IS Operation Transactions , 1996, ICIS.

[28]  Uday M. Apte,et al.  Global Disaggregation of Information-Intensive Services , 1995 .

[29]  Joseph P. Cannon,et al.  Understanding the Influence of National Culture on the Development of Trust , 1998 .

[30]  Kate M. Kaiser,et al.  Evolution of Offshore Software Development: From Outsourcing to Cosourcing , 2004, MIS Q. Executive.

[31]  P. Ring,et al.  Developmental Processes of Cooperative Interorganizational Relationships , 1994 .

[32]  Sundeep Sahay,et al.  Managing cross-cultural issues in global software outsourcing , 2004, CACM.

[33]  Erran Carmel,et al.  Tactical Approaches for Alleviating Distance in Global Software Development , 2001, IEEE Softw..

[34]  Young-Gul Kim,et al.  Effect of Partnership Quality on IS Outsourcing Success: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Validation , 1999, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[35]  Peter Mertens,et al.  Globalization and Offshoring of Software , 2006, Informatik-Spektrum.

[36]  K. Eisenhardt Building theories from case study research , 1989, STUDI ORGANIZZATIVI.

[37]  Izak Benbasat,et al.  The Case Research Strategy in Studies of Information Systems , 1987, MIS Q..

[38]  Richard Heeks,et al.  Synching or Sinking: Global Software Outsourcing Relationships , 2001, IEEE Softw..