Abstract Recent developments in nanomaterials science and nanotechnology are advancing progress in every sphere of science, including medicine. In fact, nanotechnology is a promising field for new applications in medicine. New developments of technologies based on the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale have been applied to explain some of the physiological and pathological mechanisms of biological processes due to their improved features in the field of biodetection of pathogens and proteins, tissue engineering, separation of cells and molecules, studies of various DNA structures, fluorescent detection, implantable biosensors, medical implants, and drug delivery. In order to achieve these goals, multidisciplinary studies have been done by different research teams working on laboratory techniques, biochemistry, microbiology, pathology, electronics, and informatics for direct treatment or for (tele)monitoring of different therapies. The biocompatibility of new materials is an important aim for the researchers, as well as the potential antimicrobial action of the sample, in order to be used for medical applications.