Browning of human adipocytes requires KLF11 and reprogramming of PPARγ superenhancers

Long-term exposure to PPARγ agonists such as rosiglitazone induces browning of rodent and human adipocytes. Loft et al. discovered that browning triggers reprogramming of PPARγ binding, leading to the formation of PPARγ “superenhancers” that are selective for brown-in-white (brite) adipocytes. They identified KLF11 as a novel browning transcription factor in human adipocytes that is directly induced by PPARγ and appears to cooperate with PPARγ in a feed-forward manner to activate and maintain the brite-selective gene program.

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