Plasma Treatment and TEOS Modification on Wood Flour Applied to Composite of Polyvinyl Chloride/Wood Flour

In this work, the effects of wood flour and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) content on the fusion time, fusion torque, fusion temperature, and fusion energy of polyvinyl chloride/wood flour (PVC/WF) composites were studied. Plasma-assisted surface treatment of WF before modifying with TEOS to form the silica nanoparticles on the surface of wood flour plays a role as a reinforcement of the phase interaction. This modification was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. Moreover, BET data showed that specific surface area and volume of plasma treated WF and TEOS modified WF (WS) were considerably improved in comparison with original WF. By increasing WF, a remarkable increase in time, temperature, and energy of mixing process led to the enhancement of fusion torque. In the case of composite using WS, the increase of TEOS content resulted in shorter fusion time, whereas the other fusion characteristics of composites increased. The investigation of mechanical and rheological properties such as Young’s modulus and dynamic storage modulus G′ showed the stiffness of the PVC/WF composites has been significantly improved with increasing wood flour and modifier contents. The research showed an application of nanoparticles in the industrial production of polymer composite materials.

[1]  J. Martín-Martínez,et al.  Comparative Adhesion, Ageing Resistance, and Surface Properties of Wood Plastic Composite Treated with Low Pressure Plasma and Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet , 2018, Polymers.

[2]  G. Avramidis,et al.  Plasma treatment of wood–polymer composites: A comparison of three different discharge types and their effect on surface properties , 2016 .

[3]  M. Fabra,et al.  Synergistic effect of lactic acid oligomers and laminar graphene sheets on the barrier properties of polylactide nanocomposites obtained by the in situ polymerization pre‐incorporation method , 2016 .

[4]  A. Temiz,et al.  The effect of plasma treatment on mechanical properties, surface roughness and durability of plywood treated with copper-based wood preservatives , 2015, Wood Science and Technology.

[5]  Shanshan Lv,et al.  Silane Modified Wood Flour Blended with Poly(lactic acid) and its Effects on Composite Performance , 2015 .

[6]  S. M. Reda,et al.  Preparation and Characterization of Silica and Clay-Silica Core-Shell Nanoparticles Using Sol-Gel Method , 2013 .

[7]  Qingwen Wang,et al.  Effect of zinc borate and wood flour on thermal degradation and fire retardancy of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites , 2013 .

[8]  A. Montarsolo,et al.  Hydrorepellent finishing of cotton fabrics by chemically modified TEOS based nanosol , 2013, Cellulose.

[9]  Arne Schirp,et al.  Development of a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method for quantitative analysis of wood flour and polypropylene in wood plastic composites (WPC) , 2012 .

[10]  H. Militz,et al.  Amine treatment of polyvinyl chloride/wood flour composites , 2011 .

[11]  Xuesong Zhou,et al.  Improved Interfacial Bonding of Pvc/Wood-Flour Composites by Lignin Amine Modification , 2011 .

[12]  J. Xin,et al.  In-situ growth of silica nanoparticles on cellulose and application of hierarchical structure in biomimetic hydrophobicity , 2010 .

[13]  I. Aydin,et al.  Activation of Spruce Wood Surfaces by Plasma Treatment After Long Terms of Natural Surface Inactivation , 2010 .

[14]  F. Rezaei,et al.  Mechanical and thermo-chemical properties of wood-flour/polypropylene blends , 2010 .

[15]  H. Toghiani,et al.  Studies of surface-modified wood flour/polypropylene composites , 2009, Journal of Materials Science.

[16]  Tong Lin,et al.  One-step coating of fluoro-containing silica nanoparticles for universal generation of surface superhydrophobicity. , 2008, Chemical communications.

[17]  N. Sombatsompop,et al.  Average mixing torque, tensile and impact properties, and thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)/sawdust composites with different silane coupling agents , 2005 .

[18]  Laurent M. Matuana,et al.  Durability of wood flour‐plastic composites exposed to accelerated freeze–thaw cycling. Part I. Rigid PVC matrix , 2005 .

[19]  C. Hill,et al.  Determination of surface area and pore volume of holocellulose and chemically modified wood flour using the nitrogen adsorption technique , 2003, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff.

[20]  T. Hirotsu,et al.  Preparation and characteristics of composites of high‐crystalline cellulose with polypropylene: Effects of maleated polypropylene and cellulose content , 2003 .

[21]  Cheng-Ho Chen,et al.  Study of fusion percolation thresholds of rigid PVC compounds , 2001 .

[22]  Chul B. Park,et al.  Influence of interfacial interactions on the properties of PVC/cellulosic fiber composites , 1998 .

[23]  Chul B. Park,et al.  Effect of surface properties on the adhesion between PVC and wood veneer laminates , 1998 .

[24]  R. Wesson,et al.  Studies of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compounds. II. Determination of the fusion level , 1995 .

[25]  E. A. Collins,et al.  Rheology of PVC compounds. III. Effect of modifying resins on fusion , 1981 .

[26]  A. Nakano,et al.  Non-catalysed polymerization of acrylamide , 1969 .

[27]  W. Cox,et al.  Correlation of dynamic and steady flow viscosities , 1958 .

[28]  S. H. Pinner,et al.  Preparation and titration of amphoteric polyelectrolytes , 1957 .