Smart hydrogel based microsensing platform for continuous glucose monitoring

In this paper, we present preliminary results showing the response of glucose-sensitive hydrogels, confined in micro-pressure sensors, to the changes in environmental glucose concentration. The glucose concentrations were incrementally varied between 20 and 0mM in 0.15M PBS solution at 7.4 pH and bovine serum at 7.4 pH at room temperature and response of the sensor was recorded. The micro sensors demonstrate a response time of 10 minutes in both PBS and serum. Tissue response after 55 days of subcutaneous implantation of a EtO sterilized sensor in mice is presented. The preliminary analysis of the surrounding tissue shows inflammation which is believed not to interfere with the sensor performance.

[1]  P Tathireddy,et al.  Osmotic Swelling Pressure Response of Smart Hydrogels Suitable for Chronically-Implantable Glucose Sensors. , 2010, Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical.

[2]  B Mattiasson,et al.  'Smart' polymers and what they could do in biotechnology and medicine. , 1999, Trends in biotechnology.

[3]  R. Holman,et al.  Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. , 1998 .

[4]  Margarita Guenther,et al.  Application of sensitive hydrogels in chemical and pH sensors , 2004 .

[5]  S. Gehrke.  Synthesis, equilibrium swelling, kinetics, permeability and applications of environmentally responsive gels , 1993 .

[6]  A. Hoffman.  Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications , 2001, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[7]  Ronald Brazg,et al.  A continuous glucose sensor based on wired enzyme technology -- results from a 3-day trial in patients with type 1 diabetes. , 2003, Diabetes technology & therapeutics.

[8]  J. Pickup,et al.  Performance assessment of the Medtronic‐MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System and its use for measurement of glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetic subjects , 2003, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[9]  S. Genuth,et al.  The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[10]  F Solzbacher,et al.  Free swelling and confined smart hydrogels for applications in chemomechanical sensors for physiological monitoring. , 2009, Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical.

[11]  W Kerner,et al.  Implantable glucose sensors: present status and future developments. , 2001, Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association.

[12]  F Solzbacher,et al.  Hydrogel based sensor arrays (2 × 2) with perforated piezoresistive diaphragms for metabolic monitoring (in vitro). , 2010, Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical.

[13]  G. S. Wilson,et al.  Protein interactions with subcutaneously implanted biosensors. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[14]  Qiao Lin,et al.  A MEMS affinity glucose sensor using a biocompatible glucose-responsive polymer. , 2009, Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical.

[15]  J. Mastrototaro,et al.  The MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS). , 1999, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[16]  G. S. Wilson,et al.  Enzyme-based biosensors for in vivo measurements. , 2000, Chemical reviews.

[17]  S. Minko,et al.  Stimuli-responsive hydrogel thin films , 2009 .

[18]  B. T. Stokke,et al.  Glucose sensors based on a responsive gel incorporated as a Fabry-Perot cavity on a fiber-optic readout platform. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[19]  A. Heller,et al.  Electrochemical Glucose Sensors and Their Applications in Diabetes Management , 2008 .

[20]  Joseph Wang,et al.  Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors , 2008 .

[21]  J. Mastrototaro,et al.  The MiniMed continuous glucose monitoring system. , 2000, Diabetes technology & therapeutics.

[22]  G. Gerlach,et al.  Chemical and pH sensors based on the swelling behavior of hydrogels , 2005 .