End-User Development for E-Government Website Content Creation

E-government websites are currently becoming more and more huge and complex. They provide citizens with several kinds of information, including services for online task payment or front office reservation. The creation and maintenance of such websites often require a distributed approach: the content publication task is transferred from software developers to personnel of the various organization departments (here called the publishers ). To this end, a Content Management System (CMS) is usually adopted. However, CMSs do not generally satisfy all requirements and needs that emerge in this application domain. Therefore, the adoption of End-User Development (EUD) techniques, tailored to the publishers' culture, background and skills, represents a possible solution to CMSs' current limitations. In this paper, after discussing the context and the existing problems, we describe an approach to extending CMSs with EUD techniques. The approach will be discussed with reference to the creation and maintenance of the website of an existing government agency.

[1]  Buddhima De Silva,et al.  CBEADS(c): A Framework to Support Meta-design Paradigm , 2007, HCI.

[2]  Gerhard Fischer,et al.  Meta-design: A Framework for the Future of End-User Development , 2006, End User Development.

[3]  Tim O'Reilly,et al.  What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software , 2007 .

[4]  Henry Lieberman,et al.  Watch what I do: programming by demonstration , 1993 .

[5]  Volker Wulf,et al.  Component-based technologies for end-user development , 2004, Commun. ACM.

[6]  Piero Mussio,et al.  End users as unwitting software developers , 2008, WEUSE '08.

[7]  San Murugesan Web engineering , 1999, LINK.

[8]  Lars Mathiassen,et al.  Computers and Design in Context , 2003 .

[9]  Boris E. R. de Ruyter,et al.  Challenges for End-User Development in Intelligent Environments , 2006, End User Development.

[10]  Tanya Goette,et al.  An exploratory study of the accessibility of state government Web sites , 2006, Universal Access in the Information Society.

[11]  Daniela Fogli,et al.  Managing accessibility in local e-government websites through end-user development: a case study , 2009, Universal Access in the Information Society.

[12]  Alexander Repenning,et al.  Agent-based end-user development , 2004, Commun. ACM.

[13]  Brad A. Myers,et al.  Natural programming languages and environments , 2004, Commun. ACM.

[14]  Volker Wulf,et al.  Component-Based Approaches to Tailorable Systems , 2006, End User Development.

[15]  Alan F. Blackwell,et al.  Children as Unwitting End-User Programmers , 2007 .

[16]  Reginald S. Lee,et al.  Case Study Methods , 2006 .

[17]  Alan F. Blackwell,et al.  AutoHAN: an architecture for programming the home , 2001, Proceedings IEEE Symposia on Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments (Cat. No.01TH8587).

[18]  Daniela Fogli,et al.  Visual Interactive Systems for End-User Development: A Model-Based Design Methodology , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[19]  Gerhard Fischer,et al.  Designing for Participation in Socio-technical Software Systems , 2007, HCI.

[20]  Jan Bosch,et al.  Bridging patterns: An approach to bridge gaps between SE and HCI , 2006, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[21]  Gerhard Fischer,et al.  Creativity and evolution: a metadesign perspective , 2008, Digit. Creativity.

[22]  R. Yin Case Study Research: Design and Methods , 1984 .

[23]  Patricia A. Urban,et al.  Coping with Diversity , 2003 .

[24]  Daniela Fogli,et al.  Domain-Expert Users and their Needs of Software Development , 2003 .

[25]  Carol V. Brown,et al.  The management of end-user computing: status and directions , 1993, CSUR.

[26]  Fabio Paternò,et al.  End-User Development , 1998, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[27]  Mary Beth Rosson,et al.  End User Development of Web Applications , 2006, End User Development.

[28]  Gerhard Fischer,et al.  Transcending the individual human mind—creating shared understanding through collaborative design , 2000, TCHI.

[29]  Anders I. Mørch,et al.  Three levels of end-user tailoring: customization, integration, and extension , 1997 .

[30]  Daniela Fogli,et al.  PIERO MUSSIO , ANTONIO PICCINNO END-USER DEVELOPMENT : THE SOFTWARE SHAPING WORKSHOP APPROACH , 2004 .

[31]  Ivan Porres,et al.  Statechart Features and Pre-Release Defects in Software Maintenance , 2007 .

[32]  Gregg C. Vanderheiden,et al.  Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0 , 2001, INTR.

[33]  Dennis Wixon,et al.  Book review: PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES IN SOFTWARE USER INTERFACE DESIGN by Deborah J . Mayhew (Prentice Hall, 1992) , 1993, SGCH.

[34]  Catherine Letondal,et al.  Participatory Programming: Developing Programmable Bioinformatics Tools for End-Users , 2006, End User Development.

[35]  Maeve Paris,et al.  Website accessibility: a survey of local e-government websites and legislation in Northern Ireland , 2006, Universal Access in the Information Society.

[36]  Alan F. Blackwell End-user developers at home , 2004, CACM.

[37]  Gerhard Fischer,et al.  Seeding, Evolutionary Growth and Reseeding: Constructing, Capturing and Evolving Knowledge in Domain-Oriented Design Environments , 1998, Automated Software Engineering.

[38]  José A. Macías,et al.  Customization of Web applications through an intelligent environment exploiting logical interface descriptions , 2008, Interact. Comput..

[39]  Mary Beth Rosson,et al.  Everyday Programming: Challenges and Opportunities for Informal Web Development , 2004, 2004 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages - Human Centric Computing.

[40]  Mary Beth Rosson,et al.  As Easy as "Click": End-User Web Engineering , 2005, ICWE.

[41]  Athula Ginige,et al.  Enabling an End-User Driven Approach for Managing Evolving User Interfaces in Business Web Applications - A Web Application Architecture Using Smart Business Object , 2007, ICSOFT.

[42]  Dirk Riehle,et al.  Towards end-user programming with wikis , 2008, WEUSE '08.

[43]  Buddhima De Silva,et al.  Modeling Web Information Systems for Co-Evolution , 2007, ICSOFT.

[44]  HENRY LIEBERMAN,et al.  End-User Development: An Emerging Paradigm , 2006, End User Development.

[45]  Daniela Fogli,et al.  Toward overcoming culture, skill and situation hurdles in Human-Computer Interaction , 2002, Universal Access in the Information Society.