The Factor 10/MIPS-Concept: Bridging Ecological, Economic, and Social Dimensions with Sustainability Indicators

The present throughput economy will yield to a customised economy, in which customtailored services are more important than mass products, and access to services more important than ownership of goods. In the customised economy, the natural resources land, energy, and materials will be largely replaced by knowledge, know-how, and know-who in the process of providing wealth to people. In this paper, ecological indicators are presented which can be used to quantify the resource productivity of products, services, systems, and performances. Together with Factor 10 they form a framework which allows the operationalisation of the sustainability concept. The indicators presented fit well into the economic realities of the customised service economy.