Expression of the monocytic differentiation/activation factor P48 in Mycoplasma species.

P48 is a 48 kd monocytic differentiation/activation factor previously purified from the conditioned medium of the Reh human pre-B cell leukemia line. It induces differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells along the monocytic pathway and production of IL1, TNF-alpha and IL6 in human monocytes and monocytic cell lines. Recently our laboratory isolated cDNA clones for P48 from Reh cells and genomic clones from Mycoplasma fermentans DNA and showed that P48 is a M. fermentans gene product. In this paper we report the analysis of P48 expression at the DNA, mRNA and protein levels in different Mycoplasma species. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis of extracted DNA using P48-specific oligonucleotide primers revealed P48 sequences in M. fermentans but not M. hominis, M. iowae, M. genitalium or M. capricolum. Southern analysis of Mycoplasma DNAs revealed hybridizing bands in M. fermentans and M. capricolum under low stringency, but only in M. fermentans under high stringency. Consistent with this, Northern blot studies revealed a single hybridizing transcript in M. fermentans but not in other Mycoplasma species tested. However, Western blot studies with anti-P48 antibodies revealed P48 antigenic material in M. fermentans, as well as M. hominis and M. iowae. These studies demonstrate that the gene for P48 is derived from M. fermentans or a closely related species and is absent in these other species tested. However, the P48 protein exhibits shared antigenic determinants among several Mycoplasma species which presently are of unknown function or significance. P48 is a Mycoplasma -derived immunomodulatory molecule which may be important in Mycoplasma pathophysiology and may be useful in understanding human haematopoietic differentiation and the control of cytokine biosynthesis.

[1]  K. Goldstein,et al.  cDNA and genomic cloning and expression of the P48 monocytic differentiation/activation factor, a Mycoplasma fermentans gene product. , 1996, The Biochemical journal.

[2]  Y. Sasaki,et al.  Epidemiological study of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in japan based on PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the P1 cytadhesin gene , 1996, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[3]  M. García,et al.  Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M. synoviae, and M. iowae by multi-species polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. , 1995, Avian diseases.

[4]  A. Avron,et al.  Mycoplasma stimulates the production of oxidative radicals by murine peritoneal macrophages , 1995, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[5]  R. Rosengarten,et al.  A surface epitope undergoing high-frequency phase variation is shared by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma bovis , 1994, Infection and immunity.

[6]  A. Herbelin,et al.  Mycoplasma arginini TUH-14 membrane lipoproteins induce production of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha by human monocytes , 1994, Infection and immunity.

[7]  F. Coffman,et al.  Characterization and purification of a macrophage-triggering factor produced in Mycoplasma arginini-infected L5178Y cell cultures. , 1994, Journal of immunology.

[8]  R. Gallily,et al.  Mycoplasma triggering of nitric oxide production by central nervous system glial cells and its inhibition by glucocorticoids , 1994, Brain Research.

[9]  J. Woodward,et al.  Characterization of MHC induction by Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain). , 1993, Cellular immunology.

[10]  Y. Sasaki,et al.  Mycoplasmas stimulate replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through selective activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes. , 1993, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

[11]  J. F. Rodríguez,et al.  Fatal systemic infections of nonhuman primates by Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain). , 1993, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[12]  S. Rottem,et al.  Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) induces TNF alpha and IL-1 production by human monocytes and murine macrophages. , 1992, Immunology letters.

[13]  A F Angulo,et al.  Genus- and species-specific identification of mycoplasmas by 16S rRNA amplification , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[14]  N. Yamaguchi,et al.  Induction of Cytokines in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Mycoplasmas , 1992, Microbiology and immunology.

[15]  R. Geha,et al.  Role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in monokine induction by the staphylococcal superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. , 1992, Journal of immunology.

[16]  U. Schade,et al.  MDHM, a macrophage-stimulatory product of Mycoplasma fermentans, leads to in vitro interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and prostaglandin production and is pyrogenic in rabbits , 1991, Infection and immunity.

[17]  D. Beezhold,et al.  Differentiation-inducing cytokine P48 exists in a membrane-associated form. , 1991, Journal of immunology.

[18]  G. Ciliberto,et al.  Single-step purification and structural characterization of human interleukin-6 produced in Escherichia coli from a T7 RNA polymerase expression vector. , 1991, European journal of biochemistry.

[19]  R. Gerardy-Schahn,et al.  An evolutionary conserved mechanism of T cell activation by microbial toxins. Evidence for different affinities of T cell receptor-toxin interaction. , 1991, Journal of immunology.

[20]  D. Liebermann,et al.  Nucleotide sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding MyD88, a novel myeloid differentiation primary response gene induced by IL6. , 1990, Oncogene.

[21]  J. Baseman,et al.  Cross-hybridization between the cytadhesin genes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium and genomic DNA of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. , 1990, Microbial pathogenesis.

[22]  M. Fanger,et al.  Functional comparison of the inductions of NADPH oxidase activity and Fcγ RI in IFNγ-treated U937 cells☆ , 1990 .

[23]  J. Leftwich,et al.  Initial Characterization of a Cytokine Which Induces Differentiation and Cytolytic Activity in HL‐60 Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells: Evidence That the Cytokine Is Distinct From Other Known Differentiation‐Active Cytokines , 1990, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[24]  D. Beezhold,et al.  P48 induces tumor necrosis factor and IL-1 secretion by human monocytes. , 1989, Journal of immunology.

[25]  E. Shevach,et al.  Immunophysiology: The Role of Cells and Cytokines in Immunity and Inflammation , 1989 .

[26]  J. Leftwich,et al.  Purification and further characterization of a non-tumor necrosis factor α or β differentiation-inducing cytokine, P48 , 1989 .

[27]  M. Johns,et al.  Purification of human genomic DNA from whole blood using sodium perchlorate in place of phenol. , 1989, Analytical biochemistry.

[28]  P. Chomczyński,et al.  Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. , 1987, Analytical biochemistry.

[29]  G. Trinchieri,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin induce differentiation of human myeloid cell lines in synergy with immune interferon , 1986, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[30]  Prozorovskiĭ Sv,et al.  Detection of Mycoplasma arthritidis and Mycoplasma fermentans antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients by an immunoenzyme method , 1985 .

[31]  S. Osawa,et al.  Preferential use of A- and U-rich codons for Mycoplasma capricolum ribosomal proteins S8 and L6. , 1984, Nucleic acids research.

[32]  U. Gullberg,et al.  Induction of differentiation of the human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U-937 by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. , 1983, Cancer research.

[33]  Susan E. Brown,et al.  Physical and genetic characterization of symbiotic and auxotrophic mutants of Rhizobium meliloti induced by transposon Tn5 mutagenesis , 1982, Journal of bacteriology.

[34]  S. Collins,et al.  Induction of differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) by retinoic acid. , 1980, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[35]  U. K. Laemmli,et al.  Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4 , 1970, Nature.

[36]  D. Kestler,et al.  Up-regulation of cytokine mRNA in human monocytes and myeloid cell lines by the differentiation/activation factor p48. , 1995, Immunology.

[37]  B. Fleischer.  Stimulation of human T cells by microbial ‘superantigens’ , 1991, Immunologic research.

[38]  U. Gullberg,et al.  Recombinant lymphotoxin enhances the growth of normal, but not of chronic myeloid leukemic, human hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. , 1989, Leukemia research.