The development of a quantitative electroencephalographic scanning process for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: reliability and validity studies.

The development of a quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG)-based procedure for use in the assessment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was examined through a series of studies investigating test reliability and validation issues. This process, involving a spectral analysis of the electrophysiological power output from a single, midline, central location (the vertex), was conducted in 469 participants, 6 to 20 years of age, classified as ADHD, inattentive type; ADHD, combined type; or control. The results indicated that the QEEG scanning procedure was reliable (r = .96), was consistent with the Attention Deficit Disorders Evaluation Scale (S. B. McCarney, 1995) and the Test of Variables of Attention (L. M. Greenberg, 1994; chi-square, p < .01), and differentiated participants with ADHD from a nonclinical control group (p < .001). The sensitivity of the QEEG-derived attentional index was 90%; the specificity was 94%.

[1]  D. Cantwell.  Attention deficit disorder: a review of the past 10 years. , 1996, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[2]  T Janzen,et al.  Differences in baseline EEG measures for ADD and Normally Achieving preadolescent males , 1995, Biofeedback and self-regulation.

[3]  R. Chabot,et al.  Quantitative electroencephalographic profiles of children with attention deficit disorder , 1996, Biological Psychiatry.

[4]  C A Mann,et al.  Quantitative analysis of EEG in boys with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: controlled study with clinical implications. , 1992, Pediatric neurology.

[5]  S. Kuperman,et al.  Quantitative EEG differences in a nonclinical sample of children with ADHD and undifferentiated ADD. , 1996, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[6]  R. Barkley,et al.  Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment , 1994 .

[7]  Russell A. Barkley,et al.  Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment, 2nd ed. , 1998 .

[8]  Kevin R. Murphy,et al.  Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder : a clinical workbook , 1991 .

[9]  S. Calhoun,et al.  The Gordon Diagnostic System and WISC–III Freedom from Distractibility Index: Validity in Identifying Clinic-Referred Children with and without ADHD , 2002, Psychological reports.

[10]  B. Pfefferbaum,et al.  Important dose correction. , 1993, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[11]  Benjamin B. Lahey,et al.  Advances in Clinical Child Psychology , 1980, Advances in Clinical Child Psychology.

[12]  Niels Birbaumer,et al.  Biofeedback and self-regulation , 1979 .

[13]  Phil A. Silva,et al.  DSM-III disorders in preadolescent children. Prevalence in a large sample from the general population. , 1987, Archives of general psychiatry.

[14]  Mark S. Schwartz,et al.  Biofeedback: A Practitioner's Guide , 1987 .

[15]  G. Hynd,et al.  Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder and Asymmetry of the Caudate Nucleus , 1993, Journal of child neurology.

[16]  R. Chabot,et al.  Sensitivity and Specificity of QEEG in Children with Attention Deficit or Specific Developmental Learning Disorders , 1996, Clinical EEG.

[17]  B. J. Casey,et al.  Implication of right frontostriatal circuitry in response inhibition and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. , 1997, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[18]  S. Faraone,et al.  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid disorders: issues of overlapping symptoms. , 1995, The American journal of psychiatry.

[19]  R. Thisted,et al.  Brain SPECT imaging. , 1993, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[20]  S. McDevitt,et al.  Coping With Children's Temperament: A Guide For Professionals , 1995 .

[21]  H. Meltzer,et al.  Psychopharmacology : the third generation of progress , 1987 .

[22]  Joel F. Lubar,et al.  Neurofeedback for the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. , 1995 .

[23]  Dc Washington.  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Ed. , 1994 .

[24]  Vincent J Monastra,et al.  Assessing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder via quantitative electroencephalography: an initial validation study. , 1999, Neuropsychology.

[25]  J. Biederman,et al.  Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders. , 1991, The American journal of psychiatry.

[26]  P. Schrag,et al.  Book Review: The Myth of the Hyperactive Child (and Other Means of Child Control) , 1976 .

[27]  Dorothy Filak.  The Myth of the Hyperactive Child & Other Means of Control. By Peter Schrag and Diane Divoky. New York, N.Y.: Pantheon Books, Inc., 1975 , 1976 .

[28]  Cassandra K. Meents.  Attention deficit disorder: A review of literature , 1989 .

[29]  J. Swanson,et al.  Stimulant Medications and the Treatment of Children with ADHD , 1995 .

[30]  Judith M. Rumsey,et al.  Cerebral glucose metabolism in adults with hyperactivity of childhood onset. , 1990 .

[31]  M. Ernst,et al.  Laboratory and diagnostic testing in child and adolescent psychiatry: a review of the past 10 years. , 1998, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[32]  J. Andreassi.  Psychophysiology: Human Behavior and Physiological Response , 1980 .

[33]  S. Faraone,et al.  Familial association between attention deficit disorder and anxiety disorders. , 1991, The American journal of psychiatry.