A Chandra observation of the z= 2.285 galaxy FSC 10214+4724: evidence for a Compton-thick quasar?

We present a ≈20 ks Chandra ACIS-S observation of the strongly lensed z = 2.285 ultraluminous infrared galaxy FSC 10214 + 4724. Although this observation achieves the equivalent sensitivity of an up to ≈ 4M sChandra exposure (when corrected for gravitational lensing), the rest-frame 1.6‐26.3 keV emission from FSC 10214 + 4724 is weak (L X ≈ 2 × 10 42 erg s −1 for a lensing boost of ≈100); a significant fraction of this X-ray emission appears to be due to vigorous star formation activity. If FSC 10214 + 4724 hosts a quasar, as previously suggested, then it must be obscured by Compton-thick material. We compare FSC 10214 + 4724 to high-redshift SCUBA galaxies and discuss the X-ray identification of Compton-thick AGNs at high redshift.

[1]  Carl Heiles,et al.  The bell laboratories H I survey , 1992 .

[2]  D. M. Alexander,et al.  The Chandra Deep Field North Survey. XIV. X-Ray-detected Obscured AGNs and Starburst Galaxies in the Bright Submillimeter Source Population , 2003 .

[3]  G. Neugebauer,et al.  HST Observations of the Luminous IRAS Source FSC10214+4724: A gravitationally Lensed Infrared Quasar , 1995, astro-ph/9510093.

[4]  K. Nandra,et al.  X-Ray Observations of Optically Selected, Radio-quiet Quasars. I. The ASCA Results , 1999, astro-ph/9910218.

[5]  R. J. Ivison,et al.  Evidence for Extended, Obscured Starbursts in Submillimeter Galaxies , 2004, astro-ph/0412051.

[6]  J. Kneib,et al.  Submillimeter Galaxies , 2002, astro-ph/0202228.

[7]  J. B. Oke,et al.  Near-infrared and optical spectroscopy of FSC 10214+4724 , 1995 .

[8]  A spectroscopic study of IRAS F10214 + 4724 , 1998, astro-ph/9802213.

[9]  B. Krauskopf,et al.  Proc of SPIE , 2003 .

[10]  N. Gehrels Confidence limits for small numbers of events in astrophysical data , 1986 .

[11]  Chile,et al.  Near-infrared template spectra of normal galaxies: k-corrections, galaxy models and stellar populations , 2001, astro-ph/0104427.

[12]  T. Courvoisier,et al.  The intrinsic emission of Seyfert galaxies observed with BeppoSAX/PDS - I. Comparison of the average spectra of the three classes of Seyfert galaxies , 2003, astro-ph/0303085.

[13]  M. Rowan-Robinson,et al.  Hyperluminous infrared galaxies , 1999 .

[14]  R. McMahon,et al.  A ROSAT OBSERVATION OF THE HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXY IRAS F10214+4724 , 1994 .

[15]  D. M. Alexander,et al.  The Chandra Deep Field North Survey. XIII. 2 Ms Point-Source Catalogs , 2003, astro-ph/0304392.

[16]  A. Taylor,et al.  The ultraviolet-to-radio continuum of the ultraluminous galaxy IRAS F10214+4724. , 1993 .

[17]  G. Palumbo,et al.  X-ray astronomy : stellar endpoints, AGN, and the diffuse X-ray background , 2001 .

[18]  S. C. Chapman,et al.  A median redshift of 2.4 for galaxies bright at submillimetre wavelengths , 2003, Nature.

[19]  M. Rowan-Robinson,et al.  Radiative transfer models for IRAS F10214 + 4724 , 1996 .

[20]  R. McMahon,et al.  Optical, infrared, radio and polarization imaging of the high-redshift galaxy IRAS F10214 + 4724 , 1993 .

[21]  W. Brandt,et al.  The Chandra Deep Field North Survey. XII. The Link between Faint X-Ray and Radio Source Populations , 2002, astro-ph/0207433.

[22]  R. Cutri,et al.  XMM—Newton observations of two hyperluminous IRAS galaxies: Compton-thick quasars with obscuring starbursts , 2002, astro-ph/0211166.

[23]  Robert Rosner,et al.  A Wavelet-Based Algorithm for the Spatial Analysis of Poisson Data , 2001 .

[24]  R. J. Ivison,et al.  The nature of faint submillimetre-selected galaxies , 2001 .

[25]  R. Della Ceca,et al.  A Three-dimensional Diagnostic Diagram for Seyfert 2 Galaxies: Probing X-Ray Absorption and Compton Thickness , 1998, astro-ph/9811074.

[26]  A. Comastri,et al.  The 2-10 keV luminosity as a Star Formation Rate indicator , 2003 .

[27]  A. Kinney,et al.  Multiwavelength tests of the dusty torus model for Seyfert galaxies , 1994 .

[28]  Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS Observations of Rest-Frame Optical Continuum and Hα + [N I] Emission in FSC 10214+4724 , 1999 .

[29]  Louis Lyons,et al.  Book-Review - a Practical Guide to Data Analysis for Physical Science Students , 1992 .

[30]  S. M. Fall,et al.  Implications of Nonthermal Motions for Statistics of Lyman-Alpha Forest Clouds , 1995 .

[31]  I. Smail,et al.  Clustering of submillimeter-selected galaxies , 2004, astro-ph/0405035.

[32]  Broos,et al.  Mitigating Charge Transfer Inefficiency in the Chandra X-Ray Observatory Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer. , 2000, The Astrophysical journal.

[33]  IRAS F10214+4724: the inner 100 pc , 1998, astro-ph/9806079.

[34]  M. Rowan-Robinson,et al.  A high-redshift IRAS galaxy with huge luminosity—hidden quasar or protogalaxy? , 1991, Nature.

[35]  Omar Almaini,et al.  Deep radio imaging of the SCUBA 8-mJy survey fields: submillimetre source identifications and redshift distribution , 2002 .

[36]  A. Fabian,et al.  Chandra detection of reflected X‐ray emission from the type 2 QSO in IRAS 09104+4109 , 2000, astro-ph/0011518.

[37]  D. M. Alexander,et al.  The Fall of AGN and the Rise of Star-Forming Galaxies: A Close Look at the Chandra Deep Field X-ray Number , 2004 .

[38]  P. McCarthy,et al.  The Seyfert II nature of the IRAS source FSC 10214+4724 , 1993 .

[39]  K. Nandra,et al.  GINGA observations of the X-ray spectra of Seyfert galaxies. , 1994 .

[40]  C. Crawford,et al.  On the detectability of distant Compton-thick obscured quasars , 2001, astro-ph/0111422.

[41]  Alice Shapley,et al.  A Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Spiral Galaxy Luminosities. I. Data and Results , 2001, astro-ph/0106361.

[42]  Scott C. Chapman,et al.  Interferometric observations of powerful CO emission from three submillimeter galaxies at z=2.39, 2.51, and 3.35 , 2003 .