The influence of plants on nitrogen removal from landfill leachate in discontinuous batch shallow constructed wetland with recirculating subsurface horizontal flow

Three discontinuous batch shallow constructed wetland systems with recirculating subsurface horizontal flow with reed, willow, and without plants were used to assess the removal of nitrogen from landfill leachate in relation to hydraulic retention time and climatic conditions. In all systems redox potential in the beds increased asymptotically from negative anoxic conditions to +67 (reed bed), −2 (willow bed), and +17 mV (control bed), reaching a plateau in two wk. During the first 24 h after feeding the beds all forms of nitrogen decreased significantly. It has been shown that plants release O2 and Norg which was then hydrolyzed to ammonia. Plant-available radiation significantly (p < 0.05) increased the release of Norg and removal of ammonia after the 9th day of the experiment. Low, and relatively constant concentrations of nitrite and nitrate indicated that denitrification had taken place in the beds.

[1]  R. Chamy,et al.  Kinetic models for nitrification inhibition by ammonium and nitrite in a suspended and an immobilised biomass systems , 2004 .

[2]  A. Albuquerque,et al.  Influence of bed media characteristics on ammonia and nitrate removal in shallow horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[3]  Roberto Pinton,et al.  The rhizosphere : biochemistry and organic substances at the soil-plant interface , 2007 .

[4]  Raimund Haberl,et al.  Constructed wetlands for pollution control: Processes, performance, design and operation , 2000 .

[5]  W. Mitsch,et al.  Creating riverine wetlands: Ecological succession, nutrient retention, and pulsing effects , 2005 .

[6]  H. Brix.  Light-dependent variations in the composition of the internal atmosphere of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex steudel , 1988 .

[7]  Jing Wang,et al.  Effects of vegetation, limestone and aeration on nitritation, anammox and denitrification in wetland treatment systems , 2009 .

[8]  H. Obarska-Pempkowiak,et al.  Performance of Reed Beds Supplied with Municipal Landfill Leachate , 2008 .

[9]  P. Randerson,et al.  Diurnal cycling of dissolved gas concentrations in a willow vegetation filter treating landfill leachate , 2010 .

[10]  K L Williamson,et al.  Phytoremediation of landfill leachate. , 2006, Waste management.

[11]  Charles R. Goldman,et al.  Role of aquatic plants in wastewater treatment by artificial wetlands. , 1986 .

[12]  M. Beckmann,et al.  Mass spectrometric monitoring of gases (CO2, CH4, O2) in a mesotrophic peat core from Kopparås Mire, Sweden , 2001 .

[13]  Jos T. A. Verhoeven,et al.  Water and mass budgets of a vertical-flow constructed wetland used for wastewater treatment , 2003 .

[14]  S. McCutcheon,et al.  Phytoremediation of organic and nutrient contaminants. , 1995, Environmental science & technology.

[15]  H. Brix.  Do macrophytes play a role in constructed treatment wetlands , 1997 .

[16]  W. Armstrong,et al.  Light-enhanced convective throughflow increases oxygenation in rhizomes and rhizosphere of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. , 1990, The New phytologist.

[17]  W. H. Patrick,et al.  Nitrification‐denitrification at the plant root‐sediment interface in wetlands , 1989 .

[18]  O. Stein,et al.  Temperature, Plants, and Oxygen: How Does Season Affect Constructed Wetland Performance? , 2005, Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering.

[19]  P. Kuschk,et al.  Oxygen Release by Roots of Typha latifolia and Juncus effusus in Laboratory Hydroponic Systems , 2002 .

[20]  S. Sheppard,et al.  Diurnal Oscillations in Gas Production (O2, CO2, CH4, and N2) in Soil Monoliths , 2002 .

[21]  P Kuschk,et al.  Influence of the redox condition dynamics on the removal efficiency of a laboratory-scale constructed wetland. , 2005, Water research.

[22]  Jan Vymazal,et al.  Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow , 2008 .

[23]  Xiao-jian Zhang,et al.  Nitrogen loss and oxygen paradox in full-scale biofiltration for drinking water treatment. , 2007, Water research.

[24]  William Armstrong,et al.  Stem photosynthesis not pressurized ventilation is responsible for light-enhanced oxygen supply to submerged roots of alder (Alnus glutinosa). , 2005, Annals of botany.

[25]  M. Jetten.  New pathways for ammonia conversion in soil and aquatic systems , 2001, Plant and Soil.

[26]  F. Stange,et al.  New Aspects of Microbial Nitrogen Transformations in the Context of Wastewater Treatment – A Review , 2007 .

[27]  I. Wojnowska-Baryła,et al.  The efficiency of evapotranspiration of landfill leachate in the soil–plant system with willow Salix amygdalina L. , 2007 .

[28]  P. Randerson,et al.  Spatial variation of dissolved gas concentrations in a willow vegetation filter treating landfill leachate , 2010 .

[29]  Florent Chazarenc,et al.  Microbial processes influencing performance of treatment wetlands: A review , 2009 .

[30]  W. Grosse,et al.  Influence of Plants on Redox Potential and Methane Production in Water-Saturated Soil , 1996 .

[31]  P Kuschk,et al.  Effects of plants and microorganisms in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. , 2003, Biotechnology advances.

[32]  A. Horne.  Potential value of constructed wetlands for nitrate removal along some large and small rivers , 2001 .

[33]  J. Vymazal.  Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands. , 2007, The Science of the total environment.

[34]  G. King,et al.  Methane Consumption in Temperate and Subarctic Forest Soils: Rates, Vertical Zonation, and Responses to Water and Nitrogen , 1993, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[35]  P. Randerson,et al.  Constructed wetlands and vegetation filters: an ecological approach to wastewater treatment , 2006 .

[36]  S. Kunst,et al.  Controlling a combined lagoon/reed bed system using the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). , 2003, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[37]  B. Sorrell,et al.  On the difficulties of measuring oxygen release by root systems of wetland plants. , 1994 .

[38]  T Koottatep,et al.  Integrated natural treatment systems for developing communities: low-tech N-removal through the fluctuating microbial pathways. , 2005, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[39]  P. Randerson,et al.  Phytotoxicity of landfill leachate on willow--Salix amygdalina L. , 2010, Waste management.

[40]  Jay F. Martin,et al.  Identifying plant species with root associated bacteria that promote nitrification and denitrification in ecological treatment systems , 2008, Wetlands.

[41]  Pär Aronsson,et al.  Nitrate leaching from lysimeter-grown short-rotation willow coppice in relation to N-application, irrigation and soil type , 2001 .

[42]  H. Robinson,et al.  Constructed wetlands for landfill leachate treatment , 1999 .

[43]  R. Knowles.  Denitrifiers associated with methanotrophs and their potential impact on the nitrogen cycle , 2005 .

[44]  J. Duggan,et al.  The potential for landfill leachate treatment using willows in the UK—A critical review , 2005 .