Linear active disturbance rejection control for a raceway photobioreactor

Abstract In this paper, the problem of pH regulation in photobioreactors has been addressed by using a robust Proportional–Integral controller in combination with a linear active disturbance rejection approach. This formulation is based on the Generalized Proportional–Integral (GPI) observers design to estimate online external disturbances and non-modeled dynamics. The methodology uses a model reference optimization procedure with tracking and regulatory target closed-loop transfer functions for first-order plus dead-time models. The proposed controller is validated on a full-scale Raceway photobioreactor, whose results show a significant improvement in the accuracy of pH regulation and, consequently, a positive influence on biomass production. Moreover, a classical feedforward approach has been used for comparison purposes. The performance of the robust technique is evaluated with different indexes, whose results confirm the good performance of the proposed active disturbance rejection control scheme.

[1]  F. G. Acién,et al.  Effective utilization of flue gases in raceway reactor with event-based pH control for microalgae culture. , 2014, Bioresource technology.

[2]  Dong Hwi Jeong,et al.  Optimization of microalgal photobioreactor system using model predictive control with experimental validation , 2016, Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering.

[3]  John Cortés-Romero,et al.  Robust Linear Control of Nonlinear Flat Systems , 2011 .

[4]  Marco A. Arteaga,et al.  On the GPI approach with unknown inertia matrix in robot manipulators , 2014, Int. J. Control.

[5]  Martín Velasco-Villa,et al.  On the linear Active Rejection Control of Thomson's Jumping Ring , 2013, 2013 American Control Conference.

[6]  H. Sira-Ramirez,et al.  Linear Observer‐Based Active Disturbance Rejection Control of the Omnidirectional Mobile Robot , 2013 .

[7]  José Luis Guzmán,et al.  Modelling and Control Issues of pH in Tubular Photobioreactors , 2010 .

[8]  Hebertt Sira-Ramírez,et al.  From flatness, GPI observers, GPI control and flat filters to observer-based ADRC , 2018, Control Theory and Technology.

[9]  Sunil K. Agrawal,et al.  Differentially Flat Systems , 2004 .

[10]  N. A. Kumar,et al.  A Perspective on the Biotechnological Potential of Microalgae , 2008, Critical reviews in microbiology.

[11]  H. Sira-Ramirez,et al.  A Comparison Between the GPI and PID Controllers for the Stabilization of a DC–DC “Buck” Converter: A Field Programmable Gate Array Implementation , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[12]  Tore Hägglund,et al.  Advanced PID Control , 2005 .

[13]  F. G. Fernández,et al.  A model for light distribution and average solar irradiance inside outdoor tubular photobioreactors for the microalgal mass culture. , 1997, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[14]  Ramon Vilanova,et al.  Model-Reference Robust Tuning of PID Controllers , 2016 .

[15]  Jun Yang,et al.  Disturbance Observer-Based Control: Methods and Applications , 2014 .

[16]  José Luis Guzmán,et al.  Hierarchical control for microalgae biomass production in photobiorreactors , 2016 .

[17]  Carlos García-Rodriguez,et al.  On the Control of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor: An Active Disturbance Rejection Control Approach , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[18]  Shankar P. Bhattacharyya,et al.  Transient response control via characteristic ratio assignment , 2003, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[19]  Didier Dumur,et al.  Model-based versus model-free control designs for improving microalgae growth in a closed photobioreactor: Some preliminary comparisons , 2016, 2016 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED).

[20]  Manuel Berenguel,et al.  Model predictive control of pH in tubular photobioreactors , 2004 .

[21]  F. G. Acién,et al.  Fluid-dynamic characterization of real-scale raceway reactors for microalgae production , 2013 .

[22]  Chunzhao Liu,et al.  Microalgal bioreactors: Challenges and opportunities , 2009 .

[23]  D. L. Parry,et al.  Microalgae for use in tropical aquaculture I: Gross chemical and fatty acid composition of twelve species of microalgae from the Northern Territory, Australia , 1994, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[24]  Hebertt Sira-Ramírez,et al.  On the linear active disturbance rejection control of the Furuta pendulum , 2014, 2014 American Control Conference.

[25]  Hebertt Sira-Ramírez,et al.  Synchronization of Chaotic oscillators by Means of Generalized Proportional Integral Observers , 2010, Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos.

[26]  John Cortés-Romero,et al.  Active Disturbance Rejection Control based on Generalized Proportional Integral Observer to control a bipedal robot with five degrees of freedom , 2016, 2016 American Control Conference (ACC).

[27]  J. Sevilla,et al.  A study on simultaneous photolimitation and photoinhibition in dense microalgal cultures taking into account incident and averaged irradiances , 1996 .

[28]  M. Fliess,et al.  Flatness and defect of non-linear systems: introductory theory and examples , 1995 .

[29]  F. G. Acién,et al.  Selective pH and dissolved oxygen control strategy for a raceway reactor within an event-based approach , 2015 .

[30]  Licheng Peng,et al.  Evolution, detrimental effects, and removal of oxygen in microalga cultures: A review , 2013 .

[31]  E. Grima,et al.  Prediction of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration profiles in tubular photobioreactors for microalgal culture , 1999, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[32]  José Luis Guzmán,et al.  Application of Predictive Feedforward Compensator to Microalgae Production in a Raceway Reactor: A Simulation Study , 2018 .

[33]  Mario Ramirez-Neria,et al.  On the linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control of the inertia wheel pendulum , 2015, 2015 American Control Conference (ACC).

[34]  Ramon Vilanova,et al.  Model-reference robust tuning of 2DoF PI controllers for first- and second-order plus dead-time controlled processes , 2012 .

[35]  José Luis Guzmán,et al.  Active Disturbance Rejection and PID Control of a One-stage Refrigeration Cycle , 2018 .

[36]  José Ángel Acosta,et al.  Stability of active disturbance rejection control for uncertain systems: A Lyapunov perspective , 2017 .

[37]  Sigurd Skogestad,et al.  Simple analytic rules for model reduction and PID controller tuning , 2003 .

[38]  F. G. Acién,et al.  Dynamic model of an industrial raceway reactor for microalgae production , 2016 .

[39]  Hebertt Sira-Ramírez,et al.  A Robust Linear Field-Oriented Voltage Control for the Induction Motor: Experimental Results , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[40]  J. M. Fernández-Sevilla,et al.  Comprehensive model of microalgae photosynthesis rate as a function of culture conditions in photobioreactors , 2013, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[41]  John Cortés-Romero,et al.  Active Disturbance Rejection Approach for Robust Fault-Tolerant Control via Observer Assisted Sliding Mode Control , 2013 .

[42]  Ramon Vilanova,et al.  Control en Estaciones Depuradoras de Aguas Residuales: Estado actual y perspectivas , 2017 .