The training effect on typing on two alternative keyboards

Abstract Problem: Although alternative keyboards promote safer postures, their implementation is impeded by the initial reduced productivity. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of training on typing efficiency on two ergonomic keyboards (Maltron and Goldtouch). Method: Thirty volunteers (20 trained and 10 untrained) typed a standardized text on each keyboard. Bilateral wrist motion, overall applied force, surface electromyography (EMG), and typing performance were continuously monitored. Results: The one-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed that training decreased the applied force significantly for both Maltron ( p 0.031 ) and Goldtouch ( p 0.022 ). Training affected the typing speed ( p 0.027 and p 0.008 for Goldtouch and Maltron, respectively) and error rate ( p 0.039 and p 0.007 for Goldtouch and Maltron, respectively). However, training did not influence wrist motion and EMG muscle activity. Conclusions: Due to the fact that the increase in performance following the training period did not cause higher muscle activity, ergonomic keyboards may constitute a solution for reducing typing related musculoskeletal problems. Relevance to industry While ergonomic keyboards have been developed in order to reduce the computer work-related injuries, their introduction has been delayed due to economic reasons. Proving that after a relative short training session, the majority of typing parameters have improved would increase the acceptance of new devices in the workplace.