Platinum nanoparticle decoration of carbon materials with applications in non-enzymatic glucose sensing

Abstract Nanocomposites of ethylene glycol protected platinum nanoparticles were prepared in the presence of activated carbon (AC), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and carbon nanofibres (CNFs) at 20% (w/w) Pt loading and their potential in non-enzymatic glucose sensing evaluated. Physical and electrochemical characterization of these hybrid materials was enabled using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cyclic voltammetry. The average platinum nanoparticle diameters, as determined from TEM and XRD measurements, were 2 ± 1 to 3 ± 1 nm. The electrochemically active surface area of the platinum nanoparticles were found to be 91, 78 and 128 m2 g−1 for Pt-C, Pt-MWCNT and Pt-CNF respectively, as determined by the hydrogen adsorption/desorption phenomenon, using cyclic voltammetry in H2SO4. The nanomaterials were applied to the direct non-enzymatic quantization of glucose over its physiological range in the absence of the enzyme glucose oxidase. Hydrodynamic amperometric at Eapp = 0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was employed and the materials responded linearly to glucose (at pH 7.4, 298 K) over the range 2–20 mM (R2 = 0.99) with sensitivity 1.07, 1.10 and 0.52 μA mM−1 cm−2 for Pt-C, Pt-MWCNT and Pt-CNF respectively.

[1]  Joseph Wang.  Electrochemical glucose biosensors. , 2008, Chemical reviews.

[2]  Dan Xiao,et al.  An improved sensitivity non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on a CuO nanowire modified Cu electrode. , 2008, The Analyst.

[3]  A. Grace,et al.  Synthesis of gold and platinum nanoparticles using tetraaniline as reducing and phase transfer agent—A brief study and their role in the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose , 2007 .

[4]  Aicheng Chen,et al.  Amperometric glucose sensor based on platinum–iridium nanomaterials , 2008 .

[5]  A. N. Golikand,et al.  Electroreduction of Oxygen and Electrooxidation of Methanol at Carbon and Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Supported Platinum Electrodes , 2008 .

[6]  Fwu-Shan Sheu,et al.  Selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of glucose in neutral solution using platinum-lead alloy nanoparticle/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[7]  Shaojun Dong,et al.  Metal nanomaterials and carbon nanotubes - synthesis, functionalization and potential applications towards electrochemistry , 2008 .

[8]  Y. Xing,et al.  Pt Nanoparticle Binding on Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes , 2006 .

[9]  C. N. R. Rao,et al.  RAPID COMMUNICATION: The decoration of carbon nanotubes by metal nanoparticles , 1996 .

[10]  Tser-Son Wu,et al.  Hydrogen Production from Methanol/Water Photocatalytic Decomposition Using Pt/TiO2−xNx Catalyst , 2009 .

[11]  Renyun Zhang,et al.  One Step Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Gold Nanocomposites for Enhancing Electrochemical Response , 2007 .

[12]  Segyeong Joo,et al.  Chemical sensors with integrated electronics. , 2008, Chemical reviews.

[13]  Emilia Morallón,et al.  Pt/carbon nanofibers electrocatalysts for fuel cells: effect of the support oxidizing treatment , 2007 .

[14]  Pulickel M. Ajayan,et al.  Application of Carbon Nanotubes as Supports in Heterogeneous Catalysis , 1994 .

[15]  H. Gasteiger,et al.  Structure and Chemical Composition of a Supported Pt-Ru Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation , 1995 .

[16]  Shouheng Sun,et al.  A general approach to the size- and shape-controlled synthesis of platinum nanoparticles and their catalytic reduction of oxygen. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[17]  G. Urban,et al.  Surface characterization of thin-film platinum electrodes for biosensors by means of cyclic voltammetry and laser SNMS , 1995 .

[18]  U. Simon,et al.  A fascinating new field in colloid science: small ligand-stabilized metal clusters and their possible application in microelectronics , 1995 .

[19]  E. Sacher,et al.  A Facile Route for the Self-Organized High-Density Decoration of Pt Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes , 2008 .

[20]  Sejin Park,et al.  Electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensors. , 2006, Analytica chimica acta.

[21]  Xin Wang,et al.  Carbon nanotube film by filtration as cathode catalyst support for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[22]  Segyeong Joo,et al.  Integration of a Nanoporous Platinum Thin Film into a Microfluidic System for Non-enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing , 2007, Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.

[23]  V. Radmilović,et al.  Oxygen Reduction on Carbon-Supported Pt−Ni and Pt−Co Alloy Catalysts , 2002 .

[24]  Kaiming Liao,et al.  Porous cuprous oxide microcubes for non-enzymatic amperometric hydrogen peroxide and glucose sensing , 2009 .

[25]  Maurizio Prato,et al.  Decorating carbon nanotubes with metal or semiconductor nanoparticles , 2007 .

[26]  Kui Jiao,et al.  Flow-injection analysis of glucose without enzyme based on electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose at a nickel electrode. , 2007, Talanta.

[27]  Syed K. Islam,et al.  A reagentless enzymatic amperometric biosensor using vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNF) , 2008 .

[28]  Thomas Zawodzinski,et al.  Introduction: batteries and fuel cells. , 2004, Chemical reviews.

[29]  Changqing Sun,et al.  Enzyme-free glucose sensor based on a three-dimensional gold film electrode , 2008 .

[30]  M. E. Williams,et al.  Controlling transport and chemical functionality of magnetic nanoparticles. , 2008, Accounts of chemical research.

[31]  Kian Ping Loh,et al.  Direct amperometric detection of glucose on a multiple-branching carbon nanotube forest. , 2008, The Analyst.

[32]  Hu-lin Li,et al.  High dispersion and electrocatalytic properties of Pt nanoparticles on SWNT bundles , 2004 .

[33]  Fenghua Li,et al.  Preparation of gold nanoparticles/functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites and its glucose biosensing application. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[34]  Yong Jae Cho,et al.  Nonenzymatic amperometric glucose sensing of platinum, copper sulfide, and tin oxide nanoparticle-carbon nanotube hybrid nanostructures , 2009 .

[35]  Leong Ming Gan,et al.  Preparation and characterization of platinum-based electrocatalysts on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells , 2002 .