Estimating the Ricean K-factor for mobile communication applications

In this paper, we propose two estimators for the Ricean K-factor, which has applications in mobile communication systems. The estimators are based on the first two moments of the envelope of the received signal. The effects of scattering distribution, additive noise and shadowing on the proposed estimators are analyzed. We show that the proposed estimators are robust to non-isotropic scattering and their performance is only mildly affected by shadowing.