Diversity Rhetoric and the Managerialization of Law1

This article examines the rise of diversity rhetoric in U.S. management and how that rhetoric reframes ideas inherent in civil rights law. Quantitative and qualitative content analyses of the professional management literature (mid‐1980s–mid‐1990s) illustrate a managerialization of law, a process by which legal ideas are refigured by managerial ways of thinking as they flow across the boundaries of legal fields and into managerial and organizational fields. The managerial conception of diversity adds a variety of nonlegal dimensions of diversity (e.g., personality traits) to the legally protected categories like race and sex, and it disassociates diversity from civil rights law.

[1]  I. Litt Symbols and substance , 2001 .

[2]  Robin S Stryker,et al.  Legitimacy processes as institutional politics: Implications for theory and research in the sociology of organizations , 2000 .

[3]  Sharon F. Matusik,et al.  Legal Readings: Employee Interpretation and Mobilization of Law , 2000 .

[4]  Eric Abrahamson,et al.  Management Fashion: Lifecycles, Triggers, and Collective Learning Processes , 1999 .

[5]  Christopher Uggen,et al.  The Endogeneity of Legal Regulation: Grievance Procedures as Rational Myth , 1999, American Journal of Sociology.

[6]  John D. Skrentny,et al.  The Ironies of Affirmative Action: Politics, Culture, and Justice in America , 1999 .

[7]  Mark C. Suchman,et al.  When the 'Haves' Hold Court: The Internalization of Disputing in Organizational Fields , 1999 .

[8]  Mark C. Suchman,et al.  When the 'Haves' Hold Court: Speculations on the Organizational Internalization of Law , 1999 .

[9]  Warren E. Watson,et al.  Team Orientation, Self-Orientation, and Diversity in Task Groups , 1998 .

[10]  F. Dobbin,et al.  How Affirmative Action Became Diversity Management , 1998 .

[11]  H. N. Fullerton Labor force 2006: slowing down and changing composition. , 1997 .

[12]  Eric Abrahamson,et al.  The Emergence And Prevalence Of Employee Management Rhetorics: The Effects Of Long Waves, Labor Unions, And Turnover, 1875 To 1992 , 1997 .

[13]  W. Heydebrand Models of Management: Work, Authority, and Organization in a Comparative Perspective , 1997 .

[14]  N. DiTomaso,et al.  Myths about Diversity: What Managers Need to Know about Changes in the U.S. Labor Force , 1996 .

[15]  Mark C. Suchman,et al.  The Hired Gun as Facilitator: Lawyers and the Suppression of Business Disputes in Silicon Valley , 1996, Law & Social Inquiry.

[16]  Frances J. Milliken,et al.  Searching for Common Threads: Understanding the Multiple Effects of Diversity in Organizational Groups , 1996 .

[17]  Stephen J. Jaros,et al.  Models of Management: Work, Authority, and Organization in a Comparative Perspective , 1994 .

[18]  Robin S Stryker,et al.  Rules, Resources, and Legitimacy Processes: Some Implications for Social Conflict, Order, and Change , 1994, American Journal of Sociology.

[19]  Frank Dobbin,et al.  The Legalization of the Workplace , 1994, American Journal of Sociology.

[20]  L. Edelman,et al.  Symbols and Substance in Organizational Response to Civil Rights Law , 1994 .

[21]  G. Henderson Cultural diversity in the workplace : issues and strategies , 1994 .

[22]  Frank Dobbin,et al.  Equal Opportunity Law and the Construction of Internal Labor Markets , 1993, American Journal of Sociology.

[23]  S. Mezias,et al.  The Fragmented State and Due Process Protections in Organizations: The Case of Comparable Worth , 1993 .

[24]  David Cathcart The Civil Rights Act of 1991 , 1993 .

[25]  Warren E. Watson,et al.  Cultural diversity''s impact on interaction process and performance: Comparing homogeneous and diver , 1993 .

[26]  Ramon J. Aldag,et al.  Beyond fiasco: A reappraisal of the groupthink phenomenon and a new model of group decision processes. , 1993 .

[27]  A. Blumrosen Modern Law: The Law Transmission System and Equal Employment Opportunity , 1993 .

[28]  Howard S. Erlanger,et al.  Internal Dispute Resolution: The Transformation of Civil Rights in the Workplace , 1993 .

[29]  S. Abraham,et al.  Professional Construction of Law: The Inflated Threat of Wrongful Discharge , 2014 .

[30]  W. Powell,et al.  The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis , 1993 .

[31]  S. Barley,et al.  Design and devotion: Surges of rational and normative ideologies of control in managerial discourse. , 1992 .

[32]  L. Edelman,et al.  Legal Ambiguity and Symbolic Structures: Organizational Mediation of Civil Rights Law , 1992, American Journal of Sociology.

[33]  S. Abraham,et al.  Professional Construction of the Legal Environment: The Inflated Threat of Wrongful Discharge , 1992 .

[34]  Julie O'Mara,et al.  Shedding New Light on Diversity Training. , 1992 .

[35]  Eric Abrahamson Managerial Fads and Fashions: The Diffusion and Rejection of Innovations , 1991 .

[36]  Patricia J. Williams,et al.  The Alchemy of Race and Rights , 1991 .

[37]  L. Edelman,et al.  Legal Ambiguity and the Politics of Compliance: Affirmative Action Officers' Dilemma , 1991 .

[38]  D. Grusky,et al.  Structure and Trend in the Process of Stratification for American Men and Women , 1990, American Journal of Sociology.

[39]  V. Schultz Telling Stories About Women and Work: Judicial Interpretations of Sex Segregation on the Job in Title VII Cases Raising the Lack of Interest Argument , 1990 .

[40]  L. Edelman,et al.  Legal Environments and Organizational Governance: The Expansion of Due Process in the American Workplace , 1990, American Journal of Sociology.

[41]  L. Edelman Legal Environments and Organizational Governance: The Expansion of Due Process in the Workplace , 1990 .

[42]  J. Heckman,et al.  Determining the Impact of Federal Antidiscrimination Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks: a Study of South Carolina , 1989 .

[43]  L. Coser,et al.  The Civil Rights Society: The Social Construction of Victims , 1988 .

[44]  L. Copeland Valuing Diversity, Part 2: Pioneers and Champions of Change. , 1988 .

[45]  D. F. Hawkins,et al.  The Civil Rights Society: The Social Construction of Victims. , 1987 .

[46]  W. B. Johnston Workforce 2000: Work and Workers for the 21st Century. , 1987 .

[47]  Kristin Bumiller Victims in the Shadow of the Law: A Critique of the Model of Legal Protection , 1987, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society.

[48]  Sanford M. Jacoby,et al.  Employing Bureaucracy: Managers, Unions, and the Transformation of Work in American Industry, 1900-1945. , 1987 .

[49]  James N. Baron Employing Bureaucracy: Managers, Unions, and the Transformation of Work in American Industry, 1900-1945.Sanford M. Jacoby , 1987 .

[50]  Frank Dobbin,et al.  War and Peace: The Evolution of Modern Personnel Administration in U.S. Industry , 1986, American Journal of Sociology.

[51]  Jonathan S. Leonard The Effectiveness of Equal Employment Law and Affirmative Action Regulation , 1985 .

[52]  Jonathan S. Leonard The Impact of Affirmative Action on Employment , 1984, Journal of Labor Economics.

[53]  Richard L. Daft,et al.  Organization Theory and Design , 1983 .

[54]  C. Gilligan In a Different Voice. Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA (Harvard University Press) 1982. , 1982 .

[55]  P. Goldman,et al.  Contested Terrain: The Transformation of the Workplace in the Twentieth Century , 1980 .

[56]  John W. Meyer,et al.  Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony , 1977, American Journal of Sociology.

[57]  Lorna M. Daniells Business information sources , 1976 .

[58]  Raymond L. Hilgert,et al.  Supervision: concepts and practices of management , 1972 .

[59]  Linda K. Stroh,et al.  Organizational behavior. , 1970, Physical therapy.

[60]  R. Bremner,et al.  Change and continuity in twentieth-century America , 1965 .

[61]  L. R. Hoffman,et al.  Quality and acceptance of problem solutions by members of homogeneous and heterogeneous groups. , 1961, Journal of abnormal and social psychology.

[62]  R. Bendix,et al.  Work and Authority in Industry , 2001 .

[63]  W. Schutz What Makes Groups Productive? , 1955 .

[64]  F. Moore,et al.  War and Peace , 1918, Nature.

[65]  W. Powell,et al.  The iron cage revisited institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields , 1983 .