Routing techniques in wireless nanonetworks: A survey

Abstract Wireless NanoNetworks (WNNs) are wireless communication networks composed of interacting nanonodes. The extremely limited capabilities and resources of nanonodes, as well as the severe path loss of terahertz band communication in WNNs, represent a challenge to the communication distance among nanonodes and the overall network performance. Therefore, appropriate routing protocols are necessary for guaranteeing multihop communication in WNNs. In this survey, the existing routing protocols for WNNs are comprehensively analyzed and classified based on three principles: network architecture, node mobility and routing path. Following that, we will describe each type of routing protocol in detail. On the basis of the peculiarities of WNNs, especially the constrained resources and limited energy supply, the features of each protocol are presented through a detailed comparison. Finally, by integrating the features of WNNs and the problems of existing routing technologies, we present our views on the future research directions of routing techniques in WNNs.

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