A Thermoelectric-Heat-Pump Employed Active Control Strategy for the Dynamic Cooling Ability Distribution of Liquid Cooling System for the Space Station’s Main Power-Cell-Arrays

A proper operating temperature range and an acceptable temperature uniformity are extremely essential for the efficient and safe operation of the Li-ion battery array, which is an important power source of space stations. The single-phase fluid loop is one of the effective approaches for the thermal management of the battery. Due to the limitation that once the structure of the cold plate (CP) is determined, it is difficult to adjust the cooling ability of different locations of the CP dynamically, this may lead to a large temperature difference of the battery array that is attached to the different locations of the CP. This paper presents a micro-channel CP integrated with a thermoelectric heat pump (THP) in order to achieve the dynamic adjustment of the cooling ability of different locations of the CP. The THP functions to balance the heat transfer within the CP, which transports the heat of the high-temperature region to the low-temperature region by regulating the THP current, where a better temperature uniformity of the CP can be achieved. A lumped-parameter model for the proposed system is established to examine the effects of the thermal load and electric current on the dynamic thermal characteristics. In addition, three different thermal control algorithms (basic PID, fuzzy-PID, and BP-PID) are explored to examine the CP’s temperature uniformity performance by adapting the electric current of the THP. The results demonstrate that the temperature difference of the focused CP can be declined by 1.8 K with the assistance of the THP. The proposed fuzzy-PID controller and BP-PID controller present much better performances than that provided by the basic PID controller in terms of overshoot, response time, and steady state error. Such an innovative arrangement will enhance the CP’s dynamic cooling ability distribution effectively, and thus improve the temperature uniformity and operating reliability of the Li-ion space battery array further.

[1]  N. Sato.  Thermal behavior analysis of lithium-ion batteries for electric and hybrid vehicles , 2002 .

[2]  Guoqing Zhang,et al.  Liquid cooling based on thermal silica plate for battery thermal management system , 2017 .

[3]  Anthony Jarrett,et al.  Design optimization of electric vehicle battery cooling plates for thermal performance , 2011 .

[4]  Bernard Desmet,et al.  Experimental investigation on the feasibility of heat pipe cooling for HEV/EV lithium-ion battery , 2014 .

[5]  S. Mahapatra,et al.  Role of surface radiation on the functionality of thermoelectric cooler with heat sink , 2014 .

[6]  D. Jeon,et al.  Thermal modeling of cylindrical lithium ion battery during discharge cycle , 2011 .

[7]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  Modeling of passive thermal management for electric vehicle battery packs with PCM between cells , 2014 .

[8]  Wei Guo,et al.  Experimental investigation of the thermal control effects of phase change material based packaging strategy for on-board permanent magnet synchronous motors , 2016 .

[9]  Yonghuang Ye,et al.  Electrochemical–thermal analysis of 18650 Lithium Iron Phosphate cell , 2013 .

[10]  Chaoyang Wang,et al.  Power and thermal characterization of a lithium-ion battery pack for hybrid-electric vehicles , 2006 .

[11]  Annette von Jouanne,et al.  Current Li-Ion Battery Technologies in Electric Vehicles and Opportunities for Advancements , 2019, Energies.

[12]  B. Ratnakumar,et al.  Performance tesing of Lithion 8-cell, 25AHr Lithium-ion batteries for future aerospace applications , 2003 .

[13]  Anthony Jarrett,et al.  Influence of operating conditions on the optimum design of electric vehicle battery cooling plates , 2014 .

[14]  A. Pesaran,et al.  A parametric study on thermal management of an air-cooled lithium-ion battery module for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles , 2013 .

[15]  Y. C. Mui,et al.  Analysis of thermoelectric cooler performance for high power electronic packages , 2010 .

[16]  Samuel C. Levy,et al.  A preliminary evaluation of lithium batteries for extended-life continuous-operation applications , 1985 .

[17]  Siaw Kiang Chou,et al.  Ultra-thin minichannel LCP for EV battery thermal management , 2014 .

[18]  Zhang Chuanwei,et al.  Study on a Battery Thermal Management System Based on a Thermoelectric Effect , 2018 .

[19]  Yun-Ze Li,et al.  Investigation of a spray cooling system with two nozzles for space application , 2015 .

[20]  Srinivas Garimella,et al.  Passive, internal thermal management system for batteries using microscale liquid–vapor phase change , 2013 .

[21]  Xianguo Li,et al.  Measurements of heat generation in prismatic Li-ion batteries , 2014 .

[22]  Yun-Ze Li,et al.  Comparative study of the heating surface impact on porous-material-involved spray system for electronic cooling – an experimental approach , 2018 .

[23]  Michel Broussely.  Lithium batteries R&D activities in Europe , 1999 .

[24]  Tao Wang,et al.  Thermal investigation of lithium-ion battery module with different cell arrangement structures and forced air-cooling strategies , 2014 .

[25]  Yang Liu,et al.  A highly self-adaptive cold plate for the single-phase mechanically pumped fluid loop for spacecraft thermal management , 2016 .

[26]  Kuo-Ching Chen,et al.  Cycle life analysis of series connected lithium-ion batteries with temperature difference , 2014 .

[27]  Rui Zhao,et al.  An experimental study of heat pipe thermal management system with wet cooling method for lithium ion batteries , 2015 .

[28]  Yang Sujun.  Modeling and Simulation on Single-phase Fluid Loop Control Algorithm , 2011 .

[29]  J. Selman,et al.  Thermal modeling of secondary lithium batteries for electric vehicle/hybrid electric vehicle applications , 2002 .

[30]  Yuji Nagasaka,et al.  System Studies of Advanced Single-Phase Fluid Loop with Honeycomb-Cored Cold Plate , 1999 .

[31]  Raif Bayir,et al.  Design and Implementation of SOC Prediction for a Li-Ion Battery Pack in an Electric Car with an Embedded System , 2017, Entropy.

[32]  Youtong Zhang,et al.  Modeling and Experimentation of New Thermoelectric Cooler–Thermoelectric Generator Module , 2018 .