2015 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing.

[1]  M. Mollerus,et al.  Myocardial stunning following defibrillation threshold testing , 2007, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

[2]  Shu Zhang,et al.  Reduction of unnecessary right ventricular pacing by managed ventricular pacing and search AV+ algorithms in pacemaker patients: 12-month follow-up results of a randomized study. , 2014, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[3]  K. Ellenbogen,et al.  Measurement of ventricular electrogram amplitude during intraoperative induction of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. , 1992, The American journal of cardiology.

[4]  L. Goldman,et al.  Ventricular pacing or dual-chamber pacing for sinus-node dysfunction. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[5]  G. Breithardt,et al.  Efficacy and Safety of the Initial Use of Stability and Onset Criteria in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators , 1999, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[6]  M. Stiles,et al.  Recommendations for the programming of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in New Zealand. , 2012, Heart, lung & circulation.

[7]  A. Tajik,et al.  Effect of dual-chamber pacing on systolic and diastolic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Acute Doppler echocardiographic and catheterization hemodynamic study. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[8]  Mitchell W Krucoff,et al.  The efficacy and safety of cardiac resynchronization therapy combined with implantable cardioverter defibrillator for heart failure: a meta-analysis of 5674 patients. , 2013, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[9]  J. Healey,et al.  Defibrillation Testing at the Time of ICD Insertion: An Analysis From the Ontario ICD Registry , 2010, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[10]  G. Lamas,et al.  Adverse Effect of Ventricular Pacing on Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients With Normal Baseline QRS Duration in a Clinical Trial of Pacemaker Therapy for Sinus Node Dysfunction , 2003, Circulation.

[11]  K. Ellenbogen,et al.  Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads: design, diagnostics, and management. , 2013, Circulation.

[12]  J. Fisher,et al.  Clinical Evaluation of the Safety of Repetitive Intraoperative Defibrillation Threshold Testing , 1992, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[13]  Judy Powell,et al.  Quality of Life in the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators Trial: Impact of Therapy and Influence of Adverse Symptoms and Defibrillator Shocks , 2002, Circulation.

[14]  R. Lazzara,et al.  Analysis of Troponin I Levels After Spontaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shocks , 2002, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[15]  C. Sticherling,et al.  Role of Defibrillation Threshold Testing in the Contemporary Defibrillator Patient Population , 2013, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[16]  F. Marchlinski,et al.  Electrocardiographically Documented Unnecessary, Spontaneous Shocks in 241 Patients With Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators , 1992, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[17]  P. Pascale,et al.  Pacemaker Syndrome During Managed Ventricular Pacing Mode: What is the Mechanism? , 2009, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[18]  D. Mark,et al.  Prognostic importance of defibrillator shocks in patients with heart failure. , 2008, The New England journal of medicine.

[19]  K. Ellenbogen,et al.  Performance of Lead Integrity Alert to Assist in the Clinical Diagnosis of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Lead Failures: Analysis of Different Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Leads , 2013, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

[20]  D. Mark,et al.  No benefit from defibrillation threshold testing in the SCD-HeFT (Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial). , 2008, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[21]  David O. Martin,et al.  Atrial Support Pacing in Heart Failure: Results from the Multicenter PEGASUS CRT Trial , 2012, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[22]  R. Stadler,et al.  An Adaptive Interval‐Based Algorithm for Withholding ICD Therapy During Sinus Tachycardia , 2003, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[23]  R. Verheggen,et al.  Incidence and predictors of phantom shocks in implantable cardioverter defibrillator recipients , 2013, Netherlands Heart Journal.

[24]  Manish S. Gupta,et al.  Rationale and design of a randomized clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of frequent optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy: the Frequent Optimization Study Using the QuickOpt Method (FREEDOM) trial. , 2010, American heart journal.

[25]  S. Rosenheck,et al.  Role of defibrillation threshold testing during implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement: data from the Israeli ICD Registry. , 2014, Heart rhythm.

[26]  P. Sanders,et al.  Antitachycardia pacing for very fast ventricular tachycardia and low-energy shock for ventricular arrhythmias in patients with implantable defibrillators. , 2013, The American journal of cardiology.

[27]  S. Hohnloser,et al.  The 1+1 Trial: A Prospective Trial of a Dual- Versus a Single-Chamber Implantable Defibrillator in Patients With Slow Ventricular Tachycardias , 2004, Circulation.

[28]  A. Natale,et al.  Preliminary experience with a hybrid nonthoracotomy defibrillating system that includes a biphasic device: comparison with a standard monophasic device using the same lead system. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[29]  K. Ellenbogen,et al.  Downloadable Algorithm to Reduce Inappropriate Shocks Caused by Fractures of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Leads , 2008, Circulation.

[30]  Charles D. Swerdlow,et al.  Chapter 3 – Sensing and Detection , 2007 .

[31]  K. Bailey,et al.  Prospective Randomized Trial of Dual Chamber vs. Single Chamber ICDs to Minimize Shocks in Optimally Programmed Devices , 2012 .

[32]  Dominique Lacroix,et al.  A randomized study of remote follow-up of implantable cardioverter defibrillators: safety and efficacy report of the ECOST trial , 2012, European heart journal.

[33]  Jeffrey L. Anderson,et al.  The Evolution and Future of ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guidelines: A 30-Year Journey A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines , 2014, Circulation.

[34]  J. Svendsen,et al.  Intra-operative defibrillation testing and clinical shock efficacy in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: the NORDIC ICD randomized clinical trial , 2015, European heart journal.

[35]  P. Heidenreich,et al.  Cardiac resynchronization therapy and the relationship of percent biventricular pacing to symptoms and survival. , 2011, Heart rhythm.

[36]  J. Healey,et al.  A Randomized‐Controlled Pilot Study Comparing ICD Implantation with and Without Intraoperative Defibrillation Testing in Patients with Heart Failure and Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction: A Substudy of the RAFT Trial , 2012, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[37]  M. Fleckenstein,et al.  Reduction of Right Ventricular Pacing with Advanced Atrioventricular Search Hysteresis: Results of the PREVENT Study , 2011, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[38]  S. Connolly,et al.  Meta-analysis of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary prevention trials. AVID, CASH and CIDS studies. Antiarrhythmics vs Implantable Defibrillator study. Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg . Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study. , 2000, European heart journal.

[39]  Paul A. Belk,et al.  Bradycardia pacing-induced short-long-short sequences at the onset of ventricular tachyarrhythmias: a possible mechanism of proarrhythmia? , 2007, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[40]  A. Russo,et al.  OUTCOME FOLLOWING ICD IMPLANTATION WITH VERSUS WITHOUT DEFIBRILLATION TESTING: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TEST-NO TEST (TNT) PILOT STUDY , 2014 .

[41]  S. Vonhof,et al.  Inappropriate therapy and fatal proarrhythmia by an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. , 2005, Heart rhythm.

[42]  Michael O. Sweeney,et al.  Shock Reduction Using Antitachycardia Pacing for Spontaneous Rapid Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease , 2001, Circulation.

[43]  A. Russo,et al.  Defibrillation threshold testing: is it really necessary at the time of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator insertion? , 2005, Heart rhythm.

[44]  S. González-Enríquez,et al.  Single-chamber ICD, single-zone therapy in primary and secondary prevention patients: the simpler the better? , 2012, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

[45]  A. Ducharme,et al.  Left Ventricular Versus Simultaneous Biventricular Pacing in Patients With Heart Failure and a QRS Complex ≥120 Milliseconds , 2011, Circulation.

[46]  A. Camm,et al.  Examining the psychosocial impact of implantable cardioverter defibrillators: A literature review , 1999, Clinical cardiology.

[47]  M. Pitt,et al.  The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of dual-chamber pacemakers compared with single-chamber pacemakers for bradycardia due to atrioventricular block or sick sinus syndrome: systematic review and economic evaluation. , 2005, Health technology assessment.

[48]  H. Edmonds,et al.  Changes in cerebral perfusion during third-generation implantable cardioverter defibrillator testing. , 1994, American heart journal.

[49]  J. Brugada,et al.  Ventricular Fibrillation and Sudden Death After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of the Atrioventricular Junction , 1997, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[50]  D. Exner,et al.  Impact of Programming Strategies Aimed at Reducing Nonessential Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapies on Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2014, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

[51]  Wojciech Zareba,et al.  Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II (MADIT II): Design and Clinical Protocol , 1999 .

[52]  J. Day,et al.  Is Dual-Chamber Programming Inferior to Single-Chamber Programming in an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator?: Results of the INTRINSIC RV (Inhibition of Unnecessary RV Pacing With AVSH in ICDs) Study , 2006, Circulation.

[53]  R. Quaglione,et al.  Managed ventricular pacing compared with conventional dual-chamber pacing for elective replacement in chronically paced patients: results of the Prefer for Elective Replacement Managed Ventricular Pacing randomized study. , 2014, Heart rhythm.

[54]  D. Lacroix,et al.  Decreased Delivery of Inappropriate Shocks Achieved by Remote Monitoring of ICD: A Substudy of the ECOST Trial , 2014, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[55]  C. Swerdlow,et al.  A fully automatic, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator algorithm to prevent inappropriate detection of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation due to T-wave oversensing in spontaneous rhythm. , 2012, Heart rhythm.

[56]  A. Moss,et al.  Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[57]  G. Wieneke,et al.  The impact of repeated short episodes of circulatory arrest on cerebral function. Reassuring electroencephalographic (EEG) findings during defibrillation threshold testing at defibrillator implantation. , 1996, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[58]  Xu Wang,et al.  Are dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillators really better than single-chamber ones? A systematic review and meta-analysis , 2014, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

[59]  P. Heidenreich,et al.  Survival after shock therapy in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator recipients according to rhythm shocked. The ALTITUDE survival by rhythm study. , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[60]  J. Pogue,et al.  Cardioverter defibrillator implantation without induction of ventricular fibrillation: a single-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial (SIMPLE) , 2015, The Lancet.

[61]  M. Sweeney.  Novel Cause of Spurious Mode Switching in Dual‐Chamber Pacemakers: Atrioventricular Desynchronization Arrhythmia , 2002, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[62]  D. Wyse,et al.  Analysis of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy in the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Trial , 2003, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[63]  H. Morita,et al.  Cardiac Dysfunction and Prolonged Hemodynamic Deterioration After Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Shock in Patients With Systolic Heart Failure , 2012, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

[64]  N. Uriel,et al.  Rate responsive pacing using cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with chronotropic incompetence and chronic heart failure. , 2011, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[65]  G. Boriani,et al.  A simplified biventricular defibrillator with fixed long detection intervals reduces implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) interventions and heart failure hospitalizations in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy implanted for primary prevention: the RELEVANT [Role of long dEtection wind , 2009, European heart journal.

[66]  A. Camm,et al.  Single-chamber versus dual-chamber pacing for high-grade atrioventricular block. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[67]  S. Solomon,et al.  Association between myocardial substrate, implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks and mortality in MADIT-CRT. , 2014, European heart journal.

[68]  M. Brignole,et al.  Clinical evaluation of defibrillation testing in an unselected population of 2,120 consecutive patients undergoing first implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implant. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[69]  H. Müderrisoğlu,et al.  Quality of Life in Patients with Rate Responsive Pacemakers: A Randomized, Cross‐Over Study , 1991, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[70]  J. Curtis,et al.  Patient, Physician, and Procedural Factors Influencing the Use of Defibrillation Testing during Initial Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Insertion: Findings from the NCDR® , 2013, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[71]  S. Pinski,et al.  The proarrhythmic potential of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. , 1995, Circulation.

[72]  Wilfried Mullens,et al.  Insights from a cardiac resynchronization optimization clinic as part of a heart failure disease management program. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[73]  Douglas L Packer,et al.  Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[74]  D. Slotwiner,et al.  Frequent Recurrent Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia during Sleep Due to Managed Ventricular Pacing , 2009, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[75]  Jeroen J. Bax,et al.  Echocardiography and noninvasive imaging in cardiac resynchronization therapy: results of the PROSPECT (Predictors of Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy) study in perspective. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[76]  Barry J Maron,et al.  2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines , 2011, Circulation.

[77]  S. Sears,et al.  State‐of‐the‐art: anxiety management in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators , 2008 .

[78]  M. Gold,et al.  Effects of an active pectoral-pulse generator shell on defibrillation efficacy with a transvenous lead system. , 1996, The American journal of cardiology.

[79]  C. Israel,et al.  Reducing Unnecessary Right Ventricular Pacing with the Managed Ventricular Pacing Mode in Patients with Sinus Node Disease and AV Block , 2006, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[80]  E De Nigris,et al.  A systematic review and economic evaluation of alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, raloxifene and teriparatide for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. , 2005, Health technology assessment.

[81]  G. Breithardt,et al.  Effect of Ventricular Fibrillation Duration on the Defibrillation Threshold in Humans , 2002, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[82]  A. Russo,et al.  Arrhythmia rate distribution and tachyarrhythmia therapy in an ICD population: results from the INTRINSIC RV trial. , 2012, Heart rhythm.

[83]  M. Gold,et al.  Head‐To‐Head Comparison of Arrhythmia Discrimination Performance of Subcutaneous and Transvenous ICD Arrhythmia Detection Algorithms: The START Study , 2012, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[84]  B. Wilkoff,et al.  The Epidemic of Inadequate Biventricular Pacing in Patients With Persistent or Permanent Atrial Fibrillation and Its Association With Mortality , 2014, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

[85]  David O. Martin,et al.  Dual-chamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator: the Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial. , 2002, JAMA.

[86]  P. Brugada,et al.  Pacemaker Syndrome with AAI Rate Variable Pacing: Importance of Atrioventricular Conduction Properties, Medication, and Pacemaker Programmability , 1988, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[87]  G. Lamas,et al.  Minimizing ventricular pacing to reduce atrial fibrillation in sinus-node disease. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[88]  T. Murohara,et al.  Difference in percentage of ventricular pacing between two algorithms for minimizing ventricular pacing: results of the IDEAL RVP (Identify the Best Algorithm for Reducing Unnecessary Right Ventricular Pacing) study , 2009, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[89]  Michael O. Sweeney,et al.  Prospective Randomized Multicenter Trial of Empirical Antitachycardia Pacing Versus Shocks for Spontaneous Rapid Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: Pacing Fast Ventricular Tachycardia Reduces Shock Therapies (PainFREE Rx II) Trial Results , 2004, Circulation.

[90]  A. Thiagalingam,et al.  Discriminatory Therapy for Very Fast Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators , 2008, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[91]  B. Wilkoff,et al.  Differences in effects of electrical therapy type for ventricular arrhythmias on mortality in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients. , 2010, Heart rhythm.

[92]  Wojciech Zareba,et al.  Reduction in inappropriate therapy and mortality through ICD programming. , 2012, The New England journal of medicine.

[93]  E. Kanal,et al.  ACR guidance document on MR safe practices: 2013 , 2013, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[94]  Y. Nabutovsky,et al.  Programming Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators in Patients with Primary Prevention Indication to Prolong Time to First Shock: Results from the PROVIDE Study , 2014, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[95]  Luigi Padeletti,et al.  A randomized pilot study of optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy in sinus rhythm patients using a peak endocardial acceleration sensor vs. standard methods. , 2012, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[96]  L. Goldman,et al.  Quality of life and clinical outcomes in elderly patients treated with ventricular pacing as compared with dual-chamber pacing. , 1998, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[97]  C. Israel,et al.  Comparison of Two Strategies to Reduce Ventricular Pacing in Pacemaker Patients , 2008, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[98]  Wojciech Zareba,et al.  Inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks in MADIT II: frequency, mechanisms, predictors, and survival impact. , 2008, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[99]  H. Baum,et al.  Effects of implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation and shock application on biochemical markers of myocardial damage. , 2001, Clinical chemistry.

[100]  D. Corrado,et al.  Multicentre comparison Of shock efficacy using single-vs. Dual-coil lead systems and Anodal vs. cathodaL polarITY defibrillation in patients undergoing transvenous cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. The MODALITY study , 2015, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

[101]  K. Ellenbogen,et al.  Atrial pacing or ventricular backup-only pacing in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients. , 2010, Heart rhythm.

[102]  John L Sapp,et al.  Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. , 2010, The New England journal of medicine.

[103]  Arjun D. Sharma,et al.  Improving SVT Discrimination in Single‐Chamber ICDs: A New Electrogram Morphology‐Based Algorithm , 2006, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[104]  M. Gold,et al.  Use of a discrimination algorithm to reduce inappropriate shocks with a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. , 2014, Heart rhythm.

[105]  Walter H Olson,et al.  Discrimination of Ventricular Tachycardia from Supraventricular Tachycardia by a Downloaded Wavelet‐Transform Morphology Algorithm: A Paradigm for Development of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Detection Algorithms , 2002, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[106]  J. Conti,et al.  Posttraumatic Stress and the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Patient: What the Electrophysiologist Needs to Know , 2011, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

[107]  R. Peters,et al.  Complications Associated with Pectoral Implantation of Cardioverter Defibrillators , 1997, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[108]  J. Oss,et al.  PROPHYLACTIC IMPLANTATION OF A DEFIBRILLATOR IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION , 2002 .

[109]  W. Bamlet,et al.  Dual-Chamber Versus Single-Chamber Detection Enhancements for Implantable Defibrillator Rhythm Diagnosis: The Detect Supraventricular Tachycardia Study , 2006, Circulation.

[110]  M Gent,et al.  Effects of physiologic pacing versus ventricular pacing on the risk of stroke and death due to cardiovascular causes , 2000 .

[111]  A. Russo,et al.  The Dilemma of ICD Implant Testing , 2007, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[112]  Jeffrey L. Anderson.  Evolution of the ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guidelines in Perspective: Guiding the Guidelines. , 2015, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[113]  J. Sellal,et al.  Safety and efficacy of programming a high number of antitachycardia pacing attempts for fast ventricular tachycardia: a prospective study. , 2012, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[114]  Wojciech Zareba,et al.  Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure events. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[115]  B. Zrenner,et al.  ICD Shock, Not Ventricular Fibrillation, Causes Elevation of High Sensitive Troponin T after Defibrillation Threshold Testing—The Prospective, Randomized, Multicentre TropShock-Trial , 2015, PloS one.

[116]  P. S. Chen,et al.  Discrimination of ventricular tachycardia from sinus tachycardia and atrial fibrillation in a tiered-therapy cardioverter-defibrillator. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[117]  D. Exner,et al.  Combining Shock Reduction Strategies to Enhance ICD Therapy: A Role for Computer Modeling , 2011, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[118]  P. Friedman,et al.  Strategies to Reduce ICD Shocks: The Role of Supraventricular Tachycardia–Ventricular Tachycardia Discriminators , 2011 .

[119]  J. Diephuis,et al.  Changes in Cerebral Oxygen Uptake and Cerebral Electrical Activity During Defibrillation Threshold Testing , 1998, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[120]  C. Lau,et al.  Developments in sensor-driven pacing. , 2000, Cardiology clinics.

[121]  F. Marchlinski,et al.  Shock Occurrence and Survival in 241 Patients With Implantable Cardioverter‐ Defibrillator Therapy , 1993, Circulation.

[122]  J. Kron.  Clinical significance of device-related complications in clinical trials and implications for future trials: insights from the Antiarrhytmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial. , 2003, Cardiac electrophysiology review.

[123]  A. Proclemer,et al.  Effect of long-detection interval vs standard-detection interval for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators on antitachycardia pacing and shock delivery: the ADVANCE III randomized clinical trial. , 2013, JAMA.

[124]  M. Santini,et al.  BIVentricular versus right ventricular antitachycardia pacing to terminate ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy: the ADVANCE CRT-D Trial. , 2010, American heart journal.

[125]  A. Dhala,et al.  Inappropriate Shocks in Patients With Fidelis® Lead Fractures: Impact of Remote Monitoring and the Lead Integrity Algorithm , 2011, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[126]  Suneet Mittal,et al.  Primary Results From the SmartDelay Determined AV Optimization: A Comparison to Other AV Delay Methods Used in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (SMART-AV) Trial: A Randomized Trial Comparing Empirical, Echocardiography-Guided, and Algorithmic Atrioventricular Delay Programming in Cardiac Resynchron , 2010, Circulation.

[127]  Dick M. Goedhart,et al.  Prevention of inappropriate therapy in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: results of a prospective, randomized study of tachyarrhythmia detection algorithms. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[128]  S. Kimber,et al.  Randomized controlled study of detection enhancements versus rate-only detection to prevent inappropriate therapy in a dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. , 2004, Heart rhythm.

[129]  L. S. Mathias,et al.  Impact of induced cardiac arrest on cognitive function after implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator. , 2009, Revista brasileira de anestesiologia.

[130]  B. Waldecker,et al.  Detection of myocardial injury during transvenous implantation of automatic cardioverter-defibrillators. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[131]  M. Chauvin,et al.  Outcome of patients aged over 75 years who received a pacemaker to treat sinus node dysfunction. , 2011, Archives of cardiovascular diseases.

[132]  Á. Cequier,et al.  The Benefit of a Second Burst Antitachycardia Sequence for Fast Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators , 2014, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[133]  A. Moss,et al.  Mortality Reduction in Relation to Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Programming in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Reduce Inappropriate Therapy (MADIT-RIT) , 2014, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

[134]  B. Wilkoff,et al.  Optimal Combination of Discriminators for Differentiating Ventricular from Supraventricular Tachycardia by Dual‐Chamber Defibrillators , 2005, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[135]  Mark Kremers,et al.  Safety and Efficacy of a Totally Subcutaneous Implantable-Cardioverter Defibrillator , 2013, Circulation.

[136]  S. A. Christman,et al.  Heart failure decompensation and all-cause mortality in relation to percent biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure: is a goal of 100% biventricular pacing necessary? , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[137]  Hugh Calkins,et al.  Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[138]  B. Zrenner,et al.  Defibrillation Threshold Testing: Tradition or Necessity? , 2009, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[139]  M. Keller,et al.  A comparison of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[140]  L. Di Biase,et al.  Is a Dual‐Sensor Pacemaker Appropriate in Patients with Sino‐Atrial Disease? Results from the DUSISLOG Study , 2006, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[141]  I. V. Van Gelder,et al.  Right ventricular pacing and the risk of heart failure in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients. , 2006, Heart rhythm.

[142]  Paul J. Wang,et al.  The association between biventricular pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator efficacy when compared with implantable cardioverter defibrillator on outcomes and reverse remodelling. , 2015, European heart journal.

[143]  P. Kudenchuk,et al.  The DAVID (Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator) II trial. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[144]  T. McDonagh,et al.  Impact of prolonged implantable cardioverter-defibrillator arrhythmia detection times on outcomes: a meta-analysis. , 2014, Heart rhythm.

[145]  Lluís Mont,et al.  2013 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the Task Force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). , 2013, European heart journal.

[146]  L. Fauchier,et al.  Long-term follow-up on high-rate cut-off programming for implantable cardioverter defibrillators in primary prevention patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. , 2012, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[147]  Paul A. Belk,et al.  Severe Atrioventricular Decoupling, Uncoupling, and Ventriculoatrial Coupling During Enhanced Atrial Pacing: Incidence, Mechanisms, and Implications for Minimizing Right Ventricular Pacing in ICD Patients , 2008, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[148]  G. Keren,et al.  Long-term effects of dual-chamber pacing with periodic echocardiographic evaluation of optimal atrioventricular delay in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy >50 years of age. , 2006, The American journal of cardiology.

[149]  G. Boriani,et al.  Atrial antitachycardia pacing and managed ventricular pacing in bradycardia patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial tachyarrhythmias: the MINERVA randomized multicentre international trial , 2014, European heart journal.

[150]  A. Russo,et al.  HRS/ACCF expert consensus statement on pacemaker device and mode selection. Developed in partnership between the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and in collaboration with the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. , 2012, Heart rhythm.

[151]  S. Asirvatham,et al.  Noise, Artifact, and Oversensing Related Inappropriate ICD Shock Evaluation: ALTITUDE NOISE Study , 2012, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[152]  J. Healey,et al.  Complications associated with defibrillation threshold testing: the Canadian experience. , 2008, Heart rhythm.

[153]  W. Toff,et al.  A comparison of single-lead atrial pacing with dual-chamber pacing in sick sinus syndrome. , 2011, European heart journal.

[154]  Alain Ripart,et al.  Arrhythmia detection by dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillators. A review of current algorithms. , 2004, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[155]  M. Gold,et al.  Efficacy and Temporal Stability of Reduced Safety Margins for Ventricular Defibrillation: Primary Results From the Low Energy Safety Study (LESS) , 2002, Circulation.

[156]  J. Fisher,et al.  Initial Experience with Transvenous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Lead Systems: Operative Morbidity and Mortality , 1993, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[157]  J. Rey,et al.  Effect of a Pacing Mode Preserving Spontaneous AV Conduction on Ventricular Pacing Burden and Atrial Arrhythmias , 2012, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[158]  A. Skanes,et al.  Effect of defibrillation testing on management during implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. , 2006, American heart journal.

[159]  Jeffrey M. Gillberg,et al.  Critical analysis of dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator arrhythmia detection : results and technical considerations. , 2001 .

[160]  A. Camm,et al.  Symptomatology and quality of life in patients with rate‐responsive pacemakers: A double‐blind, randomized, crossover study , 1989, Clinical cardiology.

[161]  M. Scherillo,et al.  A Randomized Study to Compare Ramp Versus Burst Antitachycardia Pacing Therapies to Treat Fast Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: The PITAGORA ICD Trial , 2009, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

[162]  K. Lee,et al.  A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[163]  C. Visser,et al.  The Effect of Rate Responsive Pacing in Patients with Angina Pectoris on the Extent of Ischemia on 201‐Thallium Exercise Scintigraphy , 2002, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[164]  A. Maruotti,et al.  Cardiovascular mortality and chronotropic incompetence in systolic heart failure: the importance of a reappraisal of current cut‐off criteria , 2014, European journal of heart failure.

[165]  John Gorcsan,et al.  Investigation of a novel algorithm for synchronized left-ventricular pacing and ambulatory optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy: results of the adaptive CRT trial. , 2012, Heart rhythm.

[166]  A. Auricchio,et al.  Low inappropriate shock rates in patients with single- and dual/triple-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillators using a novel suite of detection algorithms: PainFree SST trial primary results. , 2015, Heart rhythm.

[167]  K. Nanthakumar,et al.  Is Inappropriate Implantable Defibrillator Shock Therapy Predictable? , 2003, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

[168]  N Sulke,et al.  A randomized double-blind crossover comparison of four rate-responsive pacing modes. , 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[169]  Paul A. Belk,et al.  The Relationship between Pacing Site and Induction or Termination of Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia by Antitachycardia Pacing , 2010, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[170]  M. Schlepper,et al.  Programmable VT Detection Enhancements in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy , 1995, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[171]  P. Friedman,et al.  Advanced ICD Troubleshooting: Part I , 2005, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[172]  L. Thuesen,et al.  Long-term follow-up of patients from a randomised trial of atrial versus ventricular pacing for sick-sinus syndrome , 1997, The Lancet.

[173]  Jeroen J. Bax,et al.  Inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks: incidence, predictors, and impact on mortality. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[174]  M. Rosenqvist,et al.  Adverse events with transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: a prospective multicenter study. European 7219 Jewel ICD investigators. , 1998, Circulation.

[175]  G. Lamas,et al.  Impact of rate-modulated pacing on quality of life and exercise capacity--evidence from the Advanced Elements of Pacing Randomized Controlled Trial (ADEPT). , 2007, Heart rhythm.

[176]  C. Wolpert,et al.  Dual-chamber defibrillators reduce clinically significant adverse events compared with single-chamber devices: results from the DATAS (Dual chamber and Atrial Tachyarrhythmias Adverse events Study) trial. , 2008, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[177]  K. Ellenbogen,et al.  Preventing overdiagnosis of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead fractures using device diagnostics. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[178]  Paul J. Wang,et al.  The Clinical Implications of Cumulative Right Ventricular Pacing in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Trial II , 2005, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[179]  C. Işıkay,et al.  Defibrillation testing and early neurologic outcome. , 2008, International heart journal.

[180]  Stephen L Moore,et al.  Strategic programming of detection and therapy parameters in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators reduces shocks in primary prevention patients: results from the PREPARE (Primary Prevention Parameters Evaluation) study. , 2008, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[181]  G. Lloyd,et al.  The relationship between right ventricular pacing and atrial fibrillation burden and disease progression in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: the long-MinVPACE study. , 2011, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[182]  A. Russo,et al.  HRS/ACCF expert consensus statement on pacemaker device and mode selection. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[183]  J. Brugada,et al.  Enhanced Detection Criteria in Implantable Defibrillators , 1998, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[184]  W. Toff,et al.  Atrial fibrillation in patients with sick sinus syndrome: the association with PQ-interval and percentage of ventricular pacing. , 2012, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[185]  T. Pereira,et al.  Inappropriate Shocks in Patients with ICDs: Single Chamber versus Dual Chamber , 2013, Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia.

[186]  B. Lüderitz,et al.  Patient Acceptance of the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator in Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias , 1993, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[187]  E. Gang,et al.  Underdetection of ventricular tachycardia by algorithms to enhance specificity in a tiered-therapy cardioverter-defibrillator. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[188]  R. Yee,et al.  Multicenter experience with a pectoral unipolar implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Active Can Investigators. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[189]  M. A. Arias,et al.  The reverse mode switch algorithm: how well does it work? , 2013, Heart rhythm.

[190]  P. Khairy,et al.  Programming ICDs in the Modern Era beyond Out‐of‐the Box Settings , 2011, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[191]  G. O'hara,et al.  Optimizing implantable cardioverter-defibrillator treatment of rapid ventricular tachycardia: antitachycardia pacing therapy during charging. , 2007, Heart rhythm.

[192]  Simonetta Dell'Orto,et al.  Sensors for rate responsive pacing , 2004, Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal.

[193]  V L Gott,et al.  Termination of malignant ventricular arrhythmias with an implanted automatic defibrillator in human beings. , 1980, The New England journal of medicine.

[194]  Zengri J. Wang,et al.  A comparison of empiric to physician-tailored programming of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: results from the prospective randomized multicenter EMPIRIC trial. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[195]  Arjun D. Sharma,et al.  Percent right ventricular pacing predicts outcomes in the DAVID trial. , 2005, Heart rhythm.

[196]  K. Smits,et al.  Impact of defibrillation testing on predicted ICD shock efficacy: implications for clinical practice. , 2013, Heart rhythm.

[197]  D. Babuty,et al.  Reduced risk for inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks with dual-chamber therapy compared with single-chamber therapy: results of the randomized OPTION study. , 2014, JACC. Heart failure.

[198]  K. Ellenbogen,et al.  Development and testing of an algorithm to detect implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead failure. , 2006, Heart rhythm.

[199]  P. Heidenreich,et al.  Real World Evaluation of Dual‐Zone ICD and CRT‐D Programming Compared to Single‐Zone Programming: The ALTITUDE REDUCES Study , 2011, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[200]  Jesús Requena-Carrión,et al.  Sensitivity and Spatial Resolution of Transvenous Leads in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[201]  Emily A. Kuhl,et al.  The prevalence of anxiety and depression in adults with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a systematic review. , 2011, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[202]  Angel Arenal,et al.  Efficacy of Long Detection Interval Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Settings in Secondary Prevention Population: Data From the Avoid Delivering Therapies for Nonsustained Arrhythmias in ICD Patients III (ADVANCE III) Trial , 2014, Circulation.

[203]  B. Lown,et al.  Implanted Standby Defibrillators , 1972, Circulation.

[204]  B. Wilkoff,et al.  The impact of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rates and device programming on shocks in 106,513 ICD and CRT-D patients. , 2012, Heart rhythm.

[205]  M. Schlepper,et al.  Effect of Biphasic Waveform Pulse on Endocardial Defibrillation Efficacy in Humans , 1994, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[206]  M. Jensen-Urstad,et al.  Transient proarrhythmic state following atrioventricular junction radiofrequency ablation: pathophysiologic mechanisms and recommendations for management. , 2002, The American journal of medicine.

[207]  M. Sweeney,et al.  Appropriate and Inappropriate Ventricular Therapies, Quality of Life, and Mortality Among Primary and Secondary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients: Results From the Pacing Fast VT REduces Shock ThErapies (PainFREE Rx II) Trial , 2005, Circulation.

[208]  A. Massumi,et al.  Programming Antitachycardia Pacing for Primary Prevention in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: Results From the PROVE Trial , 2010, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[209]  L. Goldman,et al.  Cardiovascular Outcomes With Atrial-Based Pacing Compared With Ventricular Pacing: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials, Using Individual Patient Data , 2006, Circulation.

[210]  J. Healey,et al.  Canadian Registry of ICD Implant Testing Procedures (CREDIT): Current Practice, Risks, and Costs of Intraoperative Defibrillation Testing , 2010, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[211]  K. Ellenbogen,et al.  Advances in Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Minimizing Inappropriate or “Unnecessary” Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Shocks Appropriate Programming , 2011 .

[212]  K. Ellenbogen,et al.  Downloadable Software Algorithm Reduces Inappropriate Shocks Caused by Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Lead Fractures: A Prospective Study , 2010, Circulation.

[213]  John Rumsfeld,et al.  The National ICD Registry Report: version 2.1 including leads and pediatrics for years 2010 and 2011. , 2013, Heart rhythm.

[214]  J. Healey,et al.  Is Defibrillation Testing Necessary for Implantable Transvenous Defibrillators?: Defibrillation Testing Should Not Be Routinely Performed at the Time of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Implantation , 2014, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

[215]  Catherine Klersy,et al.  Four-year efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy on exercise tolerance and disease progression: the importance of performing atrioventricular junction ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[216]  Dick M. Goedhart,et al.  Evaluation of morphology discrimination for ventricular tachycardia diagnosis in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. , 2006, Heart rhythm.