Effect of cryocontaminants on cryogenic superpolished mirror and superpolished quartz crystal microbalance

Many systems contain cryogenic optical systems that operate at temperatures where gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water will condense. This study presents experimental results of the effects of these gases condensed on highly polished (superpolished) mirror surfaces cooled to temperatures as low as 15 K under vacuum conditions. Using these gases as contaminants, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function was obtained at a wavelength of 0.6328 micron for various contaminant film thicknesses up to 8 microns. Most of the data were obtained using as the mirror surface the superpolished sense crystal of a previously developed quartz crystal microbalance (SPQCM). The SPQCM allowed the mass of the actual contaminant layer to be measured directly.