Control of ion-exchanged waveguide profiles with Ag thin-film sources

Fabrication of optical ion‐exchanged glass waveguides by using thin‐film silver ion sources is studied with reference to the use of salt‐melt sources. Since the amount of silver in a thin‐film source is limited, the process is source controlled, and it is shown that temperature and time as controlling parameters in the process can be replaced by source dimensions. Channel waveguide depth profiles are calculated. When contact film over patterned silver‐film‐stripe sources is used, silver can be used totally, which results in good uniformity in waveguide depth.

[1]  J. Viljanen,et al.  Fabrication of optical strip waveguides with nearly circular cross section by silver ion migration technique , 1980 .

[2]  G. Stewart,et al.  Fabrication of ion-exchanged optical waveguides from dilute silver nitrate melts , 1978 .

[3]  G. Schulze.  Versuche über die Diffusion von Silber in Glas , 1913 .

[4]  C. Wilkinson,et al.  The diffusion profile of stripe optical waveguides formed by ion exchange , 1978 .

[5]  R. J. Ginther,et al.  Optical waveguides formed by thermal migration of ions in glass. , 1973, Applied optics.

[6]  R. Doremus.  Exchange and Diffusion of Ions in Glass , 1964 .

[7]  O. Parriaux,et al.  Optical waveguides fabricated by electric-field controlled ion exchange in glass , 1978 .

[8]  A. R. Cooper,et al.  Analysis of Field‐Assisted Binary Ion Exchange , 1979 .

[9]  E. Voges,et al.  Field-induced index profiles of multimode ion-exchanged strip waveguides , 1982 .

[10]  Ari Tervonen,et al.  Ion exchange process for fabrication of waveguide couplers for fiber optic sensor applications , 1987 .

[11]  C. Wilkinson,et al.  Integrated optical waveguiding structures made by silver ion-exchange in glass. 1: The propagation characteristics of stripe ion-exchanged waveguides; a theoretical and experimental investigation. , 1983, Applied optics.

[12]  Frederick J. Milford,et al.  Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory , 1961 .

[13]  D. E. Carlson,et al.  Electrode “Polarization” in Alkali‐Containing Glasses , 1972 .