ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Ecology of Danger‐Dependent Cytokine‐Boosted Spontaneous Abortion in the CBA × DBA/2 Mouse Model: II Fecal LPS Levels in Colonies with Different Basal Abortion Rates

Problem  Previous data have shown that ‘danger’ signals, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acting via toll‐like receptors (TLR), are conditions antecedent to early pregnancy failure in several murine abortion models. Indeed, the abortion rate increased in the CBA × DBA/2 model after injection of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) + interferon (IFN‐γ) on gestation day (GD) 7.5 only if the LPS–TLR signaling pathway was intact. High rates of cytokine‐boosted abortion >80% loss can be demonstrable in certain animal colonies that have a high endogenous (spontaneous) rate of resorption (30–50%). A specific role for LPS on GD 0.5 determines the endogenous loss rate and on GD 6.5 the responsiveness to cytokine boosting of losses. Th1 cytokines (or the stress that induces these cytokines) increase intestinal permeability and absorption of luminal contents. It was predicted that intestinal availability of LPS was a major factor in the endogenous and cytokine‐boosted resorption rates.

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