[Paper] Still Images of High Spatial Resolution Enable Short TV Viewing Distances

1. Introduction Ultra-high-definition TV (UHDTV) systems, which have been proposed for future broadcasting systems 1)2) , have a wide field of view (FOV) and enable viewers to feel as though they are in the displayed space 3)4). This sensation-often referred to as a sense of presence or of "being there" can be perceived by viewers watching TV images of sufficient quality. However, simply increasing the image size for a wide-FOV display causes concomitant enlargement of the pixel size, which viewers may perceive as image blur. This degrades the subjective quality and sharpness of the image. To prevent this degradation, a wide-FOV TV system requires high spatial resolution. Hence, the UHDTV system is designed to have a resolution of 4320 scan lines by 7680 horizontal pixels and is often called the "8k system" due to its horizontal pixel number. To produce programs for TVs with a wide FOV and high spatial resolution, new camera techniques may replace conventional ones. In traditional TV program production, zoom-ins are frequently used to show the details of an object of interest because the spatial resolution of conventional TVs is low. Moreover, the camera must pursue a moving object to keep it continuously in the TV frame; otherwise, the object quickly moves out of the frame if the camera orientation is fixed. A TV system with a wide FOV and high spatial resolution displays an improved ability to show the details of objects-an ability that reduces the demand for zoom-ins. In addition, given its wide FOV, such a system also exhibits an improved ability to show moving objects with less camera movement. In fact, excessive camera movement in producing wide-FOV TV programs can increase the likelihood of visually induced motion sickness in viewers 5). Avoiding excessive camera movement or changes in camera orientation (i.e., panning and tilting) is desirable for reducing the risk of motion sickness. Fewer zoom-ins may also change viewer behavior. For example, we hypothesize that viewers may adjust their viewing distances when watching a TV with a wide FOV and high spatial resolution, despite the inconvenience of decreasing or increasing viewing distances to see the details or overview of images, respectively. This hypothesis assumes that the behavior of a TV viewer is analogous to that of a viewer in an art museum, because both may reflect the desire to view the whole and details of images almost simultaneously. Demonstrating that a TV with …