Multifiller carbon nanotube, graphene, and carbon black composite filaments: A path to versatile electromaterials

Addressing the growing demand for conductive and flexible composites, this research focuses on producing thermoplastic composite fibers made of polyurethane and carbon nanomaterials featuring the highest possible electrical conductivity. Based on a recently developed methodology enabling the formation of very high filler contents of 40% w/w, this work presents a systematic investigation of the role of all the materials used during the manufacturing process and selects the materials that ensure the best electrical performance. The results show that the highest electrical conductivity and current-carrying capacities are obtained when dimethylformamide is used as a solvent, and small amounts of AKM surfactant aid the de-agglomeration of carbon nanomaterials. It is also shown that the hybridization of MWCNTs filler with graphene nanoplatelets and small amounts of carbon black is beneficial for the electrical properties. However, the highest performance is achieved with SWCNTs as fillers, exhibiting two orders of magnitude higher electrical conductivities of 6.17 × 104 S/m. The article presents a pioneering exploration into the synthesis and application of a novel composite material. This research significantly impacts the field of electromaterials by introducing a cutting-edge approach that leverages the synergistic properties of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon black within a single filament. The impact of this research extends beyond the laboratory, influencing the development of next-generation materials that bridge the gap between conventional materials and advanced nanomaterials. The presented composite filaments open avenues for the creation of innovative devices and systems that demand good mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability. Moreover, the versatility of these filaments allows for the optimization of materials properties, enabling customization based on specific application requirements. In addition to its technological significance, the paper contributes to sustainability efforts by facilitating the production of lightweight, energy-efficient materials. The insights provided by this research have the potential to reshape the landscape of materials science, inspiring further exploration and innovation in the quest for versatile and high-performance electromaterials.