Occurrence of soil-borne cereal viruses in Poland.

Four Soil-borne cereal viruses were detected and identified in Poland: Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV), Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV), Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV). The occurrence of SBCMV was revealed already in 1991. Since its identification, a map of incidence of the virus has been consequently completed. In spite of relatively broad area of occurrence, SBCMV did not cause serious damages, at least in winter wheat, yet. WSSMV was found sporadically and usually accompanied SBCMV. Clear disease symptoms were observed only in Triticale plants. In 2008, two viruses causing barley yellow mosaic were isolated from diseased winter barley plants and identified. The outbreak of the disease was noted in Lower Silesia region. Disease symptoms were observed mainly in barley plants cv. Vanessa. It is the first report on the occurrence of BaYMV and BaMMV in Poland.