Three-dimensional ultrastructure of the Golgi apparatus in bovine mammary epithelial cells during lactation.

The three-dimensional ultrastructure of the Golgi apparatus in milk secreting epithelial cells of bovine mammary gland was explored. From computer-aided reconstructions of serial thin sections, it was determined that the Golgi apparatus was composed of a single set of stacked cisternae. The three-dimensional shape of the dictyosome varied from cell to cell, but the overall shape was that of a hollow cone, cylinder, or bowl. The cis and trans surfaces of the dictyosome were arranged in three-dimensional space such that the cis face was located on the outer surface of the hollow structure and the trans face on the inner surface. The cytoplasmic channel (secretory channel) that traversed the longitudinal axis of the hollow dictyosome contained secretory vesicles. Densely stacked cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum surrounded the dictyosome, and microvesicles appeared to fuse with, or bud from, cisternae of both organelles. These findings suggest that Golgi apparatus of the lactating epithelial cell is highly organized and that the Golgi apparatus and secretory channel are essentially an independent compartment within the cell.

[1]  C. Flickinger.  Fenestrated cisternae in the Golgi apparatus of the epididymis , 1969, The Anatomical record.

[2]  S. Patton,et al.  Formation of casein micelles in golgi vesicles of mammary tissue. , 1971, Journal of dairy science.

[3]  L. Hermo,et al.  Three-dimensional architecture of the golgi apparatus in Sertoli cells of the rat. , 1979, The American journal of anatomy.

[4]  C. Levinthal,et al.  Three-dimensional computer reconstruction of neurons and neuronal assemblies. , 1979, Annual review of biophysics and bioengineering.

[5]  J. Hauw,et al.  GOLGI APPARATUS, GERL, AND LYSOSOMES OF NEURONS IN RAT DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA, STUDIED BY THICK SECTION AND THIN SECTION CYTOCHEMISTRY , 1971, The Journal of cell biology.

[6]  D. Friend.  THE FINE STRUCTURE OF BRUNNER'S GLANDS IN THE MOUSE , 1965, The Journal of cell biology.

[7]  Arthur H. Veen,et al.  TROTS: A computer graphics system for three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections , 1977, Comput. Graph..

[8]  T. W. Keenan,et al.  Membranes of mammary gland. X. Adenosine triphosphate dependent calcium accumulation by Golgi apparatus rich fractions from bovine mammary gland. , 1975, Experimental cell research.

[9]  R. Coggeshall,et al.  A SIMPLIFIED LEAD CITRATE STAIN FOR USE IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY , 1965, The Journal of cell biology.

[10]  P B Moens,et al.  Computer measurements and graphics of three-dimensional cellular ultrastructure. , 1981, Journal of ultrastructure research.

[11]  M. Peaker,et al.  Intracellular concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride in the lactating mammary gland and their relation to the secretory mechanism , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[12]  M. Peaker,et al.  The permeability of mammary ducts , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[13]  I. Manton.  Observations on scale production in Pyramimonas amylifera Conrad. , 1966, Journal of cell science.

[14]  Feldman Jd.  Fine structure of the cow's udder during gestation and lactation. , 1961 .

[15]  G. Palade,et al.  Intracellular aspects of the process of protein synthesis. , 1975, Science.

[16]  S. Hamamoto,et al.  Form and function in mammary epithelium: the interpretation of ultrastructure. , 1977, Journal of dairy science.

[17]  H. Helminen,et al.  Studies on mammary gland involution. I. On the ultrastructure of the lactating mammary gland. , 1968, Journal of ultrastructure research.

[18]  T. W. Keenan,et al.  Lactose Synthesis by a Golgi Apparatus Fraction from Rat Mammary Gland , 1970, Nature.

[19]  G. Palade,et al.  PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, STORAGE, AND DISCHARGE IN THE PANCREATIC EXOCRINE CELL , 1964, The Journal of cell biology.

[20]  K. R. Jeffers.  Cytology of the mammary gland of the albino rat. I. Pregnancy, lactation and involution , 1935 .

[21]  C. P. Leblond,et al.  ELABORATION OF THE MATRIX GLYCOPROTEIN OF ENAMEL BY THE SECRETORY AMELOBLASTS OF THE RAT INCISOR AS REVEALED BY RADIOAUTOGRAPHY AFTER GALACTOSE-3H INJECTION , 1971, The Journal of cell biology.

[22]  C Levinthal,et al.  Special techniques for the automatic computer reconstruction of neuronal structures. , 1980, Annual Review of Biophysics and Bioengineering.

[23]  J. Kartenbeck,et al.  Involvement of vesicle coat material in casein secretion and surface regeneration , 1976, The Journal of cell biology.

[24]  Randle W. Ware.  Three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections. , 1975, International review of cytology.

[25]  D. Balkwill,et al.  Three-dimensional ultrastructure of a unicellular cyanobacterium , 1983, The Journal of cell biology.

[26]  C. P. Leblond,et al.  Changes in the golgi apparatus during spermiogenesis in the rat. , 1971, The American journal of anatomy.

[27]  G. Palade,et al.  The Golgi apparatus (complex)-(1954-1981)-from artifact to center stage , 1981, The Journal of cell biology.

[28]  I. Manton.  Electron microscopical observations on a very small flagellate: the problem of Chromulina pusilla Butcher , 1959, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.

[29]  K. Deome,et al.  Studies of mouse mammary glands. I. Cytomorphology of the normal mammary gland. , 1967, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[30]  D. Herbert,et al.  An improved fixation procedure for microtubules and microfilaments in cells of the anterior pituitary gland. , 1974, The American journal of anatomy.

[31]  A. Dalton,et al.  SPECULATIONS BASED ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE GOLGI SYSTEMS IN SEVERAL TYPES OF PROTEIN-SECRETING CELLS , 1962, The Journal of cell biology.

[32]  I. Manton.  Some Problems of Mitochondrial Growth , 1961 .

[33]  T. W. Keenan,et al.  Characterization of a secretory vesicle-rich fraction from lactating bovine mammary gland. , 1979, Experimental cell research.

[34]  M. L. Watson.  Staining of Tissue Sections for Electron Microscopy with Heavy Metals , 1958, The Journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology.

[35]  R. Kessel.  Origin of the Golgi apparatus in embryonic cells of the grasshopper. , 1971, Journal of ultrastructure research.