A proposed method for creating VCR functions using MPEG streams

The development of video-on-demand (VOD) systems for movie delivery requires that the user be able to perform VCR functions over a broadband network system. These functions include Play, Pause, Fast Forward, and Fast Rewind. No standard method exists between content developers, server manufacturers and client applications to provide these functions. This paper proposes a standard method for implementing these functions using MPEG streams and discusses some of the important tradeoffs. The encoding and distribution of content has become one of the most important issues facing video information providers. Today, in the case of movies, every service provider must encode the material for the specific equipment being deployed in the network. Therefore, the ease of use and speed of the algorithms employed to encode the material are extremely important. In the future, the creator of the content may encode the material once and distribute it to the service providers in compressed form, but this is not the case today due to the lack of standards.

[1]  Banu Özden,et al.  A Low-Cost Storage Server for Movie on Demand Databases , 1994, VLDB.

[2]  Asit Dan,et al.  Buffering and caching in large-scale video servers , 1995, Digest of Papers. COMPCON'95. Technologies for the Information Superhighway.

[3]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  Striped tape arrays , 1993, [1993] Proceedings Twelfth IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage systems.

[4]  David B. Lomet,et al.  The hB-tree: a multiattribute indexing method with good guaranteed performance , 1990, TODS.

[5]  Christos Faloutsos,et al.  On packing R-trees , 1993, CIKM '93.

[6]  Hideaki Takagi,et al.  Queueing analysis: a foundation of performance evaluation , 1993 .

[7]  Donald F. Towsley,et al.  Continuous Media Sharing in Multimedia Database Systems , 1995, DASFAA.

[8]  Antonin Guttman,et al.  R-trees: a dynamic index structure for spatial searching , 1984, SIGMOD '84.

[9]  Yutaka Takahashi,et al.  Queueing analysis: A foundation of performance evaluation, volume 1: Vacation and priority systems, Part 1: by H. Takagi. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April 1991. ISBN: 0-444-88910-8 , 1993 .

[10]  Martin Casdagli,et al.  Nonlinear Modeling And Forecasting , 1992 .

[11]  Banu Özden,et al.  Demand paging for video-on-demand servers , 1995, Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems.

[12]  Nick Roussopoulos,et al.  Direct spatial search on pictorial databases using packed R-trees , 1985, SIGMOD Conference.

[13]  Fouad A. Tobagi,et al.  Streaming RAID: a disk array management system for video files , 1993, MULTIMEDIA '93.

[14]  Abraham Silberschatz,et al.  Operating System Concepts , 1983 .

[15]  Oliver Günther,et al.  The cell tree: An index for geometric databases , 1988 .

[16]  Michael Rubin.  Nonlinear: A guide to electronic film and video editing , 1991 .

[17]  Christos Faloutsos,et al.  QBISM: extending a DBMS to support 3D medical images , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE 10th International Conference on Data Engineering.

[18]  Michael Freeston,et al.  The BANG file: A new kind of grid file , 1987, SIGMOD '87.

[19]  Klaus H. Hinrichs,et al.  The Grid File: A Data Structure to Support Proximity Queries on Spatial Objects , 1983, International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science.

[20]  Hans-Peter Kriegel,et al.  The R*-tree: an efficient and robust access method for points and rectangles , 1990, SIGMOD '90.

[21]  Christos Faloutsos,et al.  Hilbert R-tree: An Improved R-tree using Fractals , 1994, VLDB.

[22]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) , 1988, SIGMOD '88.

[23]  Azriel Rosenfeld,et al.  Computer Vision , 1988, Adv. Comput..

[24]  H. V. Jagadish,et al.  A retrieval technique for similar shapes , 1991, SIGMOD '91.

[25]  Shahram Ghandeharizadeh,et al.  Continuous Retrieval of Multimedia Data Using Parallelism , 1993, IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng..

[26]  Christos Faloutsos,et al.  Efficient Similarity Search In Sequence Databases , 1993, FODO.

[27]  E. Myers,et al.  Basic local alignment search tool. , 1990, Journal of molecular biology.

[28]  Jürg Nievergelt,et al.  The Grid File: An Adaptable, Symmetric Multikey File Structure , 1984, TODS.

[29]  Nick Roussopoulos,et al.  Nearest neighbor queries , 1995, SIGMOD '95.

[30]  Christos Faloutsos,et al.  The R+-Tree: A Dynamic Index for Multi-Dimensional Objects , 1987, VLDB.

[31]  H. V. Jagadish,et al.  Linear clustering of objects with multiple attributes , 1990, SIGMOD '90.

[32]  Richard O. Duda,et al.  Pattern classification and scene analysis , 1974, A Wiley-Interscience publication.

[33]  K. Wakimoto,et al.  Efficient and Effective Querying by Image Content , 1994 .

[34]  Jack A. Orenstein.  Spatial query processing in an object-oriented database system , 1986, SIGMOD '86.

[35]  Asit Dan,et al.  Scheduling policies for an on-demand video server with batching , 1994, MULTIMEDIA '94.

[36]  Yale N. Patt,et al.  Disk arrays: high-performance, high-reliability storage subsystems , 1994, Computer.

[37]  Christos Faloutsos,et al.  Fractals for secondary key retrieval , 1989, PODS.

[38]  Banu Özden,et al.  Disk striping in video server environments , 1996, Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems.

[39]  Thomas A. Ohanian,et al.  Digital Nonlinear Editing: New Approaches to Editing Film and Video , 1993 .

[40]  Clu-istos Foutsos,et al.  Fast subsequence matching in time-series databases , 1994, SIGMOD '94.

[41]  Christos Faloutsos,et al.  QBIC project: querying images by content, using color, texture, and shape , 1993, Electronic Imaging.

[42]  Don Towsley,et al.  Buffer Management For Continuous Media Sharing In Multimedia Databse Systems , 1994 .

[43]  Irene Gargantini,et al.  An effective way to represent quadtrees , 1982, CACM.

[44]  John C. S. Lui,et al.  Reducing I/O demand in video-on-demand storage servers , 1995, SIGMETRICS '95/PERFORMANCE '95.

[45]  Stavros Christodoulakis,et al.  Multimedia Information Systems: The Unfolding of a Reality (Guest Editors' Introduction) , 1991, Computer.

[46]  Richard R. Muntz,et al.  Fault tolerant design of multimedia servers , 1995, SIGMOD '95.

[47]  Dragutin Petkovic,et al.  Query by Image and Video Content: The QBIC System , 1995, Computer.

[48]  Asit Dan,et al.  Channel Allocation under Batching and VCR Control in Movie-On-Demand Servers , 1995 .

[49]  Ramakrishnan Srikant,et al.  Fast Algorithms for Mining Association Rules in Large Databases , 1994, VLDB.

[50]  John C. S. Lui,et al.  A Novel Video-On-Demand Storage Architecture for Supporting Constant Frame Rate with Variable Bit Rate Retrieval , 1995, NOSSDAV.

[51]  Shahram Ghandeharizadeh,et al.  Staggered striping in multimedia information systems , 1994, SIGMOD '94.

[52]  J. T. Robinson,et al.  The K-D-B-tree: a search structure for large multidimensional dynamic indexes , 1981, SIGMOD '81.