Surface forces, deformation and adherence at metal microcontacts

Abstract The role of surface forces on deformation and adherence of metal microcontacts is reviewed. Plastic deformation under zero applied load is discussed. After an elastoplastic or full plastic contact under a load P giving a radius of contact a ƒ , the separation can be either ductile (Fd mode) at atf, or brittle at atf(Fm mode) or at a' c ƒ (F b mode). A diagram is given, showing the condition of existence of each mode as a function of the five parameters involved (Young's modulus, elastic limit, surface energy, radius of curvature and load). Loading-unloading curves are predicted and compared with the literature data.

[1]  M. A. Moore,et al.  On the correlation of indentation experiments , 1977 .

[2]  Alan Cottrell,et al.  Mechanical Properties of Matter , 1964 .

[3]  A study of the physical adhesive state between solids , 1981 .

[4]  D. Tabor.  Hardness of Metals , 1937, Nature.

[5]  Hubert M. Pollock,et al.  Adhesion between metal surfaces: The effect of surface roughness , 1981 .

[6]  K E Puttick,et al.  The correlation of fracture transitions , 1980 .

[7]  A. Thölén.  On the formation and interaction of small metal particles , 1979 .

[8]  H. Grabke,et al.  Effect of adsorbed atoms on the adhesion of iron surfaces , 1979 .

[9]  I. Hansson,et al.  Adhesion between fine gold particles , 1978 .

[10]  K. Easterling,et al.  Surface energy and adhesion at metal contacts , 1972 .

[11]  D. Tabor,et al.  Characterized Metal Microcontacts , 1982 .

[12]  The effect of surface energy on the microadhesion between hard solids , 1974 .

[13]  D. Maugis.  Creep, hot hardness and sintering in the adhesion of metals at high temperature , 1980 .

[14]  M. Nishibori,et al.  A Vickers Type Ultra-Microhardness Tester for Thin Films , 1972 .

[15]  D. Tabor,et al.  Contact of characterised metal surfaces at very low loads: Deformation and adhesion , 1979 .

[16]  D. Tabor,et al.  Adhesion and deformation properties of clean and characterized metal micro-contacts , 1981 .

[17]  N. Gane,et al.  Sliding friction under a negative load , 1972 .

[18]  Ultra-microhardness of vacuum-deposited films II: Results for silver, gold,copper, MgF2, LiF and ZnS , 1978 .

[19]  K. Johnson,et al.  The correlation of indentation experiments , 1970 .

[20]  F. P. Bowden,et al.  Microdeformation of Solids , 1968 .

[21]  D. Maugis,et al.  The force of adhesion between solid surfaces in contact , 1978 .

[22]  Adhesion energies at a metal interface: the effects of surface treatments and ion implantation , 1980 .

[23]  D. Maugis,et al.  Fracture mechanics and the adherence of viscoelastic bodies , 1978 .

[24]  H. Grabke,et al.  The influence of adsorbed foreign atoms on the adhesion of iron surfaces , 1981 .

[25]  J. Field,et al.  The indentation behaviour of hard metals , 1976 .

[26]  Ashworth.  Ion Implantation into Metals , 1982 .

[27]  D. W. Tipping,et al.  Electric contacts. II. Mechanics of closure for gold contacts , 1973 .

[28]  Apparatus for Environmental Friction‐Adhesion Studies Using Ultrahigh Vacuum Techniques , 1972 .

[29]  H. Pollock.  Contact adhesion between solids in vacuum. II. Deformation and interfacial energy , 1978 .

[30]  D. Maugis,et al.  Adhesive contact of sectionally smooth-ended punches on elastic half-spaces: theory and experiment , 1983 .

[31]  J. M. Cox,et al.  The micro-hardness of metals at very low loads , 1970 .

[32]  D. Maugis,et al.  Adhesion and Friction on Al Thin Foils Related to Observed Dislocation Density , 1978 .

[33]  J. Georges.  Microscopic Aspects of Adhesion and Lubrication , 1982 .

[34]  H. Pollock,et al.  Contact adhesion between solids in vacuum. I. Single-asperity experiments , 1977 .