Supplementary material from "The York Gospels: a 1000-year biological palimpsest"

1.​ ​​ ​Smurfit​ ​Institute​ ​of​ ​Genetics,​ ​Trinity​ ​College​ ​Dublin,​ ​Dublin ​ ​2,​ ​Ireland. 2.​ ​​ ​BioArCh,​ ​University​ ​of​ ​York,​ ​York,​ ​YO10​ ​5DD,​ ​UK. 3.​ ​​ ​Department​ ​of​ ​Preservation,​ ​The​ ​Royal​ ​Library,​ ​DK-1016​ ​København ​ ​K,​ ​Denmark 4. ​Department of Archaeology, University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 3 rue Michelet, 75006 Paris, France. 5.​ ​​ ​Department​ ​of​ ​Archaeology,​ ​University​ ​of​ ​York,​ ​York,​ ​YO10​ ​5DD,​ ​UK. 6.​ ​​ ​Borthwick​ ​Institute​ ​for ​ ​Archives,​ ​University​ ​of​ ​York,​ ​York,​ ​YO10​ ​5DD,​ ​UK. 7. Departments of History and Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, ICC 600, Washington,​ ​DC,​ ​USA,​ ​20057. 8.​ ​​ ​Museum​ ​of​ ​Natural​ ​History,​ ​University​ ​of​ ​Copenhagen,​ ​Copenhagen,​ ​Denmark. * ​ ​These​ ​authors​ ​contributed​ ​equally​ ​to ​ ​this​ ​work. +Corresponding authors ​m.teasdale@tcd.ie​, ​sarah.fiddyment@york.ac.uk and matthew.collins@york.ac.uk Table​ ​of​ ​contents ​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​1. ​ ​Parchment​ ​samples 2 The​ ​York​ ​Gospels 2 Estimation ​ ​of​ ​the​ ​size​ ​of​ ​the​ ​animal​ ​skin 2 Borthwick​ ​Archive​ ​documents 2 2. ​ ​Biomolecular​ ​analysis 3 Parchment​ ​sampling 3 DNA ​ ​extraction,​ ​library​ ​preparation ​ ​and​ ​sequencing 3 Read​ ​processing​ ​and​ ​analysis 3 Read​ ​filtering 4 DNA ​ ​damage​ ​assessment 4 Sex ​ ​determination 4 Population ​ ​genetic​ ​analysis 4 Metagenomic​ ​analysis 4 STAMP​ ​analysis 5 3. ​ ​Supplementary​ ​Figures 6 4. ​ ​Supplementary​ ​Tables 15 5. ​ ​References