Modern Front axle systems for city buses

As before, the city bus stands in the shadow of the coach, which has always received much more attention in the areas of design as well as passenger comfort. The rigid front axles employed by the majority of city bus manufacturers, even with air springs, are far removed from offering the travel comfort of independent suspension, which has for years been the standard in coaches. This article presents an independent suspension system for city buses developed by ZF Fried-richshafen AG and the design details that have been implemented.