Beijing passenger car travel survey: implications for alternative fuel vehicle deployment

A survey of Beijing China private passenger car driving behavior was conducted based on global positioning system (GPS) data loggers. The survey focused on the distribution of daily driving distance, number of trips, and parking time. Second-by-second data on vehicle location and speed for 112 private cars were collected. The data covered 2,003 travel days, from June 2012 to March 2013, and nearly 10,000 km for a total of 4,892 trips. The trips covered six major urban and suburban areas in Beijing. The survey results showed average daily driving distances of 31.4, 39.1, and 48 km, and average single trip distances of 13.1, 15.1, and 17.2 km, respectively, on workdays, weekends, andholidays in Beijing urban areas. Average daytime parking times were 5.78, 3.39, and 3.12 h, and average numbers of daily trips were 2.3, 2.6, and 2.8; about 60 % of the vehicles parked last at home, starting from 17:30 to 22:30. These results were used to evaluate electric vehicle (EV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) deployment. A vehicle with a 60-km all-electric range (AER) could meet 70 % of daily driving demands. However, EVs with double the AER, such as the Nissan Leaf and Honda Fit, could only increase daily travel by EVs by 20 %. Based on Beijing’s daily driving distance distribution, the estimated average fuel consumptions for the PHEV10 (Toyota Prius) and PHEV40 (Chevrolet Volt) are 2.92 and 1.08 L per 100 km (L/100 km), respectively. These estimates are 20 and 58 % lower, respectively, compared with fuel consumption for the same vehicles used in the USA.

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