Neurath, Arntz, and ISOTYPE: the legacy in art, design, and statistics

In the fi rst decades of the twentieth century, Otto Neurath and Gerd Arntz invented the ‘ Vienna Method of Pictorial Statistics ’ (Wiener Bildstatistik). The method was renamed in the late 1930s as ISOTYPE ― ‘ I(nternational) S(ystem) O(f) TY(pographic) P(icture) E(ducation) ’ ― and was used in the 1940s and 50s in the Netherlands, Great Britain, Greece, the USA and the USSR. In this article, we explain the origins and basics of the Vienna Method/ISOTYPE, stressing Neurath’s aim of clarifying developments in society by means of pictorial statistics and of raising the awareness of the uneducated by displaying these pictorial statistics in a museumlike setting. In this educational aspect, the ISOTYPE philosophy can be linked to the Vienna Circle (Wiener Kreis) and the International Unity of Science movement. It is noted that while the concept of ISOTYPE retained its infl uence in the world of art and design, it completely lost its impact on statistical graphics during the second half of the twentieth century. Several explanations for the curtailment of ISOTYPE’s infl uence in statistics are given.