The self-reported importance of olfaction during human mate choice

This study evaluated sex differences in the relative importance placed on olfactory cues during mate choice. To evaluate this, 151 men and 289 women completed an on-line version of the Romantic Interests Survey (RIS) (Herz & Inzlicht, 2002). Olfactory characteristics were declared to be extremely important during mate selection, more so than almost all other characteristics, but did not significantly differ between the sexes. There were significant differences concerning the odour source that individuals attend to, with greater preferences observed for a potential mate's body odour as opposed to artificial fragrances they use. These findings suggest the body odour characteristics of a potential mate are perceived to be an important factor during mate choice.

[1]  K. Grammer,et al.  Human pheromones and sexual attraction. , 2005, European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology.

[2]  D. Daloze,et al.  “Pheromones and Animal Behaviour” - Communication by Smell and Taste” , 2003, CHEMOECOLOGY.

[3]  G. Johnson Internet Research Methods: A Practical Guide for the Social and Behavioural Sciences , 2003 .

[4]  Warren S. T. Hays Human pheromones: have they been demonstrated? , 2003, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.

[5]  E. Köster,et al.  Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition: The Specific Characteristics of the Sense of Smell , 2002 .

[6]  D. Nettle Women's height, reproductive success and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in modern humans , 2002, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[7]  M. Inzlicht,et al.  Sex differences in response to physical and social factors involved in human mate selection The importance of smell for women , 2002 .

[8]  N. Mccoy,et al.  Pheromonal influences on sociosexual behavior in young women , 2002, Physiology & Behavior.

[9]  Carole Ober,et al.  Paternally inherited HLA alleles are associated with women's choice of male odor , 2002, Nature Genetics.

[10]  M. McClintock,et al.  Context-dependent effects of steroid chemosignals on human physiology and mood , 2001, Physiology & Behavior.

[11]  G. Brand,et al.  Sex Differences in Human Olfaction: Between Evidence and Enigma , 2001, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology.

[12]  D. Perrett,et al.  Symmetry and human facial attractiveness. , 1999 .

[13]  Adam Joinson,et al.  Social desirability, anonymity, and internet-based questionnaires , 1999, Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.

[14]  K. Grammer,et al.  Human body odour, symmetry and attractiveness , 1999, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[15]  R. Thornhill,et al.  The scent of symmetry: A human sex pheromone that signals fitness? , 1999 .

[16]  W. Potts,et al.  The Evolution of Mating Preferences and Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes , 1999, The American Naturalist.

[17]  D. Waynforth,et al.  Fluctuating asymmetry and human male life-history traits in rural Belize , 1998, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[18]  T. Gill HLA and mate choice. , 1998, American journal of human genetics.

[19]  E. Friedmann,et al.  Pheromonal Influences on Sociosexual Behavior in Men , 1998, Archives of sexual behavior.

[20]  R. Doty Studies of human olfaction from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center. , 1997, Chemical senses.

[21]  R. Herz,et al.  Differential use of sensory information in sexual behavior as a function of gender , 1997, Human nature.

[22]  Randy Thornhill,et al.  Human female orgasm and mate fluctuating asymmetry , 1995, Animal Behaviour.

[23]  Robin I. M. Dunbar,et al.  The mating system of callitrichid primates: II. The impacy of helpers , 1995, Animal Behaviour.

[24]  Robin I. M. Dunbar,et al.  The mating system of callitrichid primates: I. Conditions for the coevolution of pair bonding and twinning , 1995, Animal Behaviour.

[25]  N. Barber The evolutionary psychology of physical attractiveness: Sexual selection and human morphology , 1995 .

[26]  A. Trounson,et al.  Female infertility: causes and treatment , 1994, The Lancet.

[27]  K. Grammer 5-α-androst-16en-3α-on: A male pheromone? A brief report , 1993 .

[28]  A. Møller,et al.  Why have birds got multiple sexual ornaments? , 1993, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.

[29]  W. Agosta Chemical Communication: The Language of Pheromones , 1992 .

[30]  T. Hummel,et al.  Changes in olfactory perception during the menstrual cycle , 1991, Experientia.

[31]  C. Wysocki,et al.  Changes in sensitivity to the odor of androstenone during adolescence. , 1989, Developmental psychobiology.

[32]  C. Wysocki,et al.  National Geographic Smell Survey: Effects of Age Are Heterogenous , 1989, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[33]  D. Buss,et al.  Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures , 1989, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[34]  T. Clutton‐Brock,et al.  Fitness costs of gestation and lactation in wild mammals , 1989, Nature.

[35]  L. Betzig Despotism and Differential Reproduction: A Darwinian View of History , 1986 .

[36]  R. Doty,et al.  Sex differences in odor identification ability: A cross-cultural analysis , 1985, Neuropsychologia.

[37]  G. Dodd,et al.  Unconscious odour conditioning in human subjects , 1983, Biological Psychology.

[38]  G. Preti,et al.  Changes in the intensity and pleasantness of human vaginal odors during the menstrual cycle , 1975, Science.

[39]  E. M. Holmes,et al.  SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE HUMAN MALE , 1948 .

[40]  Michael J. Ryan,et al.  Sexual Selection , 2005 .

[41]  E. Hatfield,et al.  PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Mate Selection Preferences : Gender Differences Examined in a National Sample , 2004 .

[42]  M. Schleidt,et al.  A cross-cultural study on the attitude towards personal odors , 2004, Journal of Chemical Ecology.

[43]  Karolien Poels,et al.  Universal sex differences in the desire for sexual variety: tests from 52 nations, 6 continents, and 13 islands. , 2003, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[44]  D. Penn The scent of genetic compatibility: Sexual selection and the major histocompatibility complex , 2002 .

[45]  R. Kowner Psychological perspective on human developmental stability and fluctuating asymmetry: sources, applications and implications. , 2001, British journal of psychology.

[46]  Robert E. Johnston,et al.  Advances in Chemical Signals in Vertebrates , 1999, Springer US.

[47]  R. Herz Differential Importance of Olfactory Information in the Human Heterosexual Response as a Function of Gender , 1999 .

[48]  Elizabeth Cashdan,et al.  Women's mating strategies , 1996 .

[49]  Anita P. Barbee,et al.  What do women want? Facialmetric assessment of multiple motives in the perception of male facial physical attractiveness. , 1990, Journal of personality and social psychology.