Removal of Oxide Nanoparticles in a Model Wastewater Treatment Plant : Influence of Agglomeration and Surfactants on Clearing Efficiency

L U D W I G K . L I M B A C H , † R O B E R T B E R E I T E R , ‡ , § E L I S A B E T H M Ü L L E R , | R O L F K R E B S , § R E N É G Ä L L I , ‡ A N D W E N D E L I N J . S T A R K * , † Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, BMG Engineering AG, Ifangstrasse 11, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Schloss, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland, and Electron Microscopy ETH Zurich (EMEZ), CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

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