Diagnostics of gas—liquid flow patterns in chemical engineering systems

Abstract A review of the diagnostical methods of the flow patterns which largely determine the performance of gas—liquid systems encountered widely in chemical engineering practice is presented. The need for objective and reliable diagnostical criteria has been confirmed by the analysis of published studies; confidence in the flow pattern maps used in design and operation is limited. The methods of stochastic signal analysis as applied to the fluctuations of some structural (voidage) and energetic (pressure) parameters are found to be promising. The increasing availability of suitable hardware facilitates on-line diagnostics aimed at the optimization and safety control of industrial equipment.

[1]  G. Gregory,et al.  Correlation of liquid slug velocity and frequency in horizontal cocurrent gas‐liquid slug flow , 1969 .

[2]  Václav Kolář,et al.  On the hydrodynamics of sieve plates without downcomers. , 1974 .

[3]  Yatish T. Shah,et al.  Design parameters estimations for bubble column reactors , 1982 .

[4]  G. Hewitt,et al.  Downwards co-current annular flow , 1975 .

[5]  Narinder K. Tutu,et al.  Pressure fluctuations and flow pattern recognition in vertical two phase gas-liquid flows , 1982 .

[6]  Hisashi Morikawa,et al.  GAS HOLDUP AND AXIAL DISPERSION IN GAS-LIQUID CONCURRENT BUBBLE COLUMN , 1987 .

[7]  Yehuda Taitel,et al.  FLOW PATTERN TRANSITIONS IN GAS-LIQUID SYSTEMS: MEASUREMENT AND MODELING , 1986 .

[8]  V. Kolář,et al.  Hydrodynamics of plate columns. VIII. The dry-plate pressure drop of sieve-plate separating columns , 1973 .

[9]  Goichi Matsui,et al.  Identification of flow regimes in vertical gas-liquid two-phase flow using differential pressure fluctuations , 1984 .

[10]  Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff,et al.  Stratified turbulent‐turbulent gas‐liquid flow , 1979 .

[11]  J. Drahoš,et al.  Characterization of hydrodynamic regimes in horizontal two-phase flow: Part II: Analysis of wall pressure fluctuations , 1987 .

[12]  Ovadia Shoham,et al.  Flow pattern transition for gas-liquid flow in horizontal and inclined pipes. Comparison of experimental data with theory , 1980 .

[13]  Shigeharu Morooka,et al.  Behavior of Gas Bubbles in Bubble Columns , 1980 .

[14]  M. Sadatomi,et al.  Two-phase flow in vertical noncircular channels , 1982 .

[15]  Toshiro Maruyama,et al.  The flow transition in a bubble column. , 1981 .

[16]  Richard T. Lahey,et al.  On the development of an objective flow regime indicator , 1982 .

[17]  G. H. Priestman,et al.  FLOW-INDUCED VIBRATION AND DAMAGE IN SIEVE-TRAY COLUMNS , 1988 .

[18]  Jan Čermák.  Hydrodynamics of plate columns. IX. A dynamic model of the gas-liquid mixture on a sieve plate without downcomer , 1973 .

[19]  L. Troniewski,et al.  Flow patterns in two-phase downflow of gas and very viscous liquid , 1987 .

[20]  Sunil Kokal,et al.  Intermittent gas-liquid flow in upward inclined pipes , 1986 .

[21]  A. J. Soroka,et al.  Cylinder Apparatus for Continuous Withdrawal Studies , 1971 .

[22]  C. Hoogendoorn,et al.  Gas-liquid flow in horizontal pipes , 1959 .

[23]  Chong Zheng,et al.  Flow regime identification and gas hold-up of three-phase fluidized systems , 1988 .

[24]  J. Weisman,et al.  Effects of fluid properties and pipe diameter on two-phase flow patterns in horizontal lines , 1979 .

[25]  N. Andritsos,et al.  Interfacial instabilities for horizontal gas-liquid flows in pipelines , 1987 .

[26]  B. J. Azzopardi,et al.  Drop sizes in annular two-phase flow , 1985 .

[27]  Kenichi Hashizume,et al.  Flow pattern, void fraction and pressure drop of refrigerant two-phase flow in a horizontal pipe—I. Experimental data , 1983 .

[28]  Tadashi Sakaguchi,et al.  Studies on the Fluctuation of Pressure Drop in Two-Phase Slug Flow , 1971 .

[29]  Yehuda Taitel,et al.  Film thickness in horizontal annular flow , 1983 .

[30]  O. Jones,et al.  Transient and statistical measurement techniques for two-phase flows: A critical review , 1976 .

[31]  N. I. Heywood,et al.  Slug flow of air—water mixtures in a horizontal pipe: Determination of liquid holdup by γ-ray absorption , 1979 .

[32]  S. Rouhani,et al.  Two-phase flow patterns: A review of research results , 1983 .

[33]  J. Weisman,et al.  Two-phase flow patterns and void fractions in downward flow Part I: Steady-state flow patterns , 1985 .

[34]  B. K. C. Chan,et al.  Dynamic characteristics of perforated distillation plates operating at low loads , 1966 .

[35]  Thomas J. Hanratty,et al.  Effect of pipe diameter on flow patterns for air-water flow in horizontal pipes , 1987 .

[36]  Roman Ulbrich,et al.  Two-phase gas-liquid flow in rectangular channels , 1984 .

[37]  Yoshiyuki Yamashita,et al.  CLASSIFICATION OF FLOW PATTERNS IN TWO-PHASE FLOW BY FUZZY SIMULATOR , 1987 .

[38]  J. Cermák,et al.  Characterization of hydrodynamic regimes in horizontal two-phase flow Part I: Pressure drop measurements , 1987 .

[39]  Yehuda Taitel,et al.  EFFECT OF PIPE LENGTH ON THE TRANSITION BOUNDARIES FOR HIGH-VISCOSITY LIQUIDS , 1987 .

[40]  A. Dukler,et al.  A Model for Gas-Liquid Slug Flow in Horizontal and Near Horizontal Tubes , 1975 .

[41]  Khalid Aziz,et al.  Some Observations on the motion of elongated bubbles in horizontal pipes , 1974 .

[42]  O. C. Jones,et al.  Void fluctuation dynamics and measurement techniques , 1979 .

[43]  Eugene Kordyban.  Some details of developing slugs in horizontal two‐phase flow , 1985 .

[44]  Isao Kataoka,et al.  Turbulence structure of air-water bubbly flow—I. measuring techniques , 1975 .

[45]  B. G. Kelkar.  FLOW REGIME CHARACTERISTICS IN COCURRENT BUBBLE COLUMN REACTORS , 1986 .

[46]  Jan Čermák.  Hydrodynamics of plate columns. VII. Verification of an experimental method for statistical analysis of the dynamic properties of gas-liquid mixture , 1972 .

[47]  Jan Čermák,et al.  The structure of the gas-liquid mixture on a sieve plate without downcomer. The conductivity method , 1974 .

[48]  T. Søntvedt,et al.  Velocity distribution in horizontal slug flow , 1984 .

[49]  Graham B. Wallis,et al.  The onset of slugging in horizontal stratified air-water flow , 1973 .

[50]  Owen C. Jones,et al.  The interrelation between void fraction fluctuations and flow patterns in two-phase flow , 1975 .

[51]  Sunil Kokal,et al.  An experimental study of two-phase flow in slightly inclined pipes—I. Flow patterns , 1989 .

[52]  R. Ulbrich.  Void fraction fluctuations in two-phase gas-liquid flow , 1987 .

[53]  Herbert Kölbel,et al.  Dynamische Messung des relativen Gasgehaltes in Blasensäulen mittels Absorption von Röntgenstrahlen , 1972 .

[54]  Hideo Nakamura,et al.  Phase and velocity distributions and holdup in high-pressure steam/water stratified flow in a large diameter horizontal pipe , 1987 .

[55]  Václav Kolář,et al.  On the hydrodynamics of sieve plates without downcomers.: II. A model of plate operation and the phenomenon of multiplicity of steady state , 1974 .

[56]  Thomas J. Hanratty,et al.  Entrainment for horizontal annular gas-liquid flow , 1984 .

[57]  Van Thanh Nguyen,et al.  Regime maps for air water two phase flow , 1980 .

[58]  V. Nakoryakov,et al.  Experimental study of gas-liquid slug flow in a small-diameter vertical pipe , 1986 .

[59]  Andreas Zahn,et al.  The effect of two-phase flow regime on hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a horizontal-tube gas-liquid reactor , 1985 .

[60]  R. P. Roy,et al.  Stochastic characteristics of vapor fraction and wall pressure fluctuations in boiling flows , 1983 .

[61]  E. Ohlmer,et al.  Two-Phase Flow Identification by Calibration with Stochastic Parameters , 1984 .

[62]  Andreas Lübbert.  Grundlegende Eigenschaften der Zweiphasenströmung in Blasensäulen-Reaktoren†‡ , 1987 .

[63]  E. Greskovich,et al.  Slug Frequency in Horizontal Gas-Liquid Slug Flow , 1972 .

[64]  V. Kolář.  The structure of gas—liquid mixtures on sieve trays of separation columns☆ , 1969 .

[65]  Jan Čermák,et al.  Statistical pressure characteristics in modelling of gas-liquid reactors , 1979 .

[66]  S. Zanelli,et al.  Perforated Plate Weeping , 1973 .

[67]  Jan Čermák,et al.  Dynamic behaviour of bubbled beds on perforated plates of column reactors characteristic pressure fluctuations , 1977 .

[68]  Andreas Lübbert.  Anwendung elektronischer Rechner in der Chemischen Technik , 1984 .

[69]  D. Malnes,et al.  Experimental data on inlet and outlet effects on the transition from stratified to slug flow in horizontal tubes , 1987 .

[70]  R. A. McAllister,et al.  Pulsations in sieve‐tray and bubble‐cap distillation towers , 1958 .

[71]  H. F. Haug.  Stability of sieve trays with high overflow weirs , 1976 .

[72]  Ovadia Shoham,et al.  Gas-liquid flow in inclined tubes: Flow pattern transitions for upward flow , 1985 .

[73]  Larry E. Erickson,et al.  WALL PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS AND BUBBLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AT SEVERAL POSITIONS IN AN AIRLIFT FERMENTOR , 1984 .

[74]  Jan Čermák.  Dynamic changes in porosity of gas-liquid mixture , 1974 .

[75]  Ovadia Shoham,et al.  Flow pattern characterization in two phase flow by electrical conductance probe , 1980 .

[76]  J. Bouré,et al.  The bubble-slug flow pattern transition and instabilities of void fraction waves , 1987 .

[77]  Andreas Lübbert,et al.  A modern hardware setup for real-time turbulence measurements in two-phase flows , 1985 .

[78]  Thomas J. Hanratty,et al.  Detection of slug flow from pressure measurements , 1987 .

[79]  Shigeru Matsumoto,et al.  Statistical analysis of fluctuations of froth pressure on perforated plates without downcomers , 1984 .

[80]  V. Kolář,et al.  Hydrodynamics of plate columns. VI. A study of dynamic properties of gas-liquid mixture on a sieve plate without downcomer , 1971 .

[81]  D. Lübbesmeyer,et al.  Experimental reactor noise—A review on noise-analytic measurements of thermohydraulic parameters in operating BWRs and their interpretations , 1984 .

[82]  A. Chan,et al.  A Single-Beam Multi-Detector Gamma Densitometer for Void Fraction and Phase Distribution Measurements in Transient Two-Phase Flows , 1984 .

[83]  Narinder K. Tutu,et al.  Pressure drop fluctuations and bubble-slug transition in a vertical two phase air-water flow , 1984 .

[84]  V. V. Maksimov,et al.  Pressure drop, mean film thickness and entrainment in downward two-phase flow , 1979 .

[85]  A. Luebbert,et al.  Ultrasonic Doppler Measurements of Bubble Velocities in Bubble Columns , 1984 .

[86]  A. P. Burdukov,et al.  Local characteristics of upward gas-liquid flows , 1981 .

[87]  Keiichi Hori,et al.  On Ripple of Annular Two-Phase Flow : 1. Statistical Characteristics of Ripples , 1977 .

[88]  Thomas J. Hanratty,et al.  Pressure drop and film height measurements for annular gas-liquid flow , 1984 .

[89]  Yehuda Taitel,et al.  Flow pattern in horizontal and vertical two phase flow in small diameter pipes , 1983 .