A Survey on PEV Charging Infrastructure: Impact Assessment and Planning

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) represent a huge step forward in a green transportation system, contribute in reduction of greenhouse gas emission, and reduce the dependence on fossil fuel. Integration of PEVs into the electric power system will result in a considerable addition to electricity demand. Due to PEV mobility, this demand has a random distribution in space and time among distribution system nodes. Therefore, short term forecast of PEV charging demand is more challenging than that for conventional loads. Assessment of PEV impacts on the power system is essential to mitigate the impairments from PEV loads. Optimal planning of PEV charging infrastructure will promote the penetration rate of PEVs and minimize the negative impacts of PEVs on the electric power distribution system and transportation road network. Design of charging facilities with integrated distributed energy resources (DER) is considered a solution to alleviate strain on the grid, reduce the integration cost with the distribution network and the charging cost. In this paper, we present a comprehensive literature survey on modelling of PEV charging demand, impact assessment approaches and tools, and charging infrastructure planning. Moreover, an overview on charging facility design with integrated DER is given. Some future research directions are identified.