Organization Theory and Memory for Prose: A Review of the Literature

Within the last 15 years, an increasing number of investigators have addressed themselves to the role of organizational factors in memory. Typically, such studies have been conducted in a laboratory setting using discrete items, most often words, as stimuli. More recently, however, an increasing number of studies have attempted to apply the principles of organization theory to memory for prose material. Such studies bring the insights gained in the laboratory closer to school

[1]  P. R. D’Agostino,et al.  Repetition effects as a function of rehearsal and encoding variability , 1973 .

[2]  D. C. Anderson,et al.  Retroactive Inhibition of Difficult and Unfamiliar Prose. , 1970 .

[3]  Short-term memory with different organizations of prose paragraphs , 1972 .

[4]  Walter Kintsch,et al.  11 – Models for Free Recall and Recognition1 , 1970 .

[5]  B. Underwood.  Ten years of massed practice on distributed practice. , 1961 .

[6]  Neal F. Johnson,et al.  Massed Versus Distributed Repetition of Homographs: A Test of the Differential-Encoding Hypothesis. , 1972 .

[7]  Benton J. Underwood,et al.  Stimulus Selection in Verbal Learning. , 1963 .

[8]  Jerome L. Myers,et al.  Effect of Prose Organization upon Free Recall. , 1973 .

[9]  H. B. English,et al.  Logical learning and retention: a general review of experiments with meaningful verbal materials , 1937 .

[10]  T. Shuell.  Clustering and organization in free recall. , 1969 .

[11]  J. P. Mclaughlin,et al.  Separation of storage and retrieval processes in recall of prose , 1974 .

[12]  G. Mandler.  Organization and Memory , 1967 .

[13]  Paul R. D'Agostino,et al.  Item repetition in free and cued recall , 1972 .

[14]  E. Tulving.  INTRATRIAL AND INTERTRIAL RETENTION: NOTES TOWARDS A THEORY OF FREE RECALL VERBAL LEARNING. , 1964, Psychological review.

[15]  W. Estes.  Statistical theory of distributional phenomena in learning. , 1955, Psychological review.

[16]  Lawrence T. Frase,et al.  Cybernetic Control of Memory While Reading Connected Discourse. ,pag 49-55. , 1969 .

[17]  Gordon H. Bower,et al.  Selective Facilitation and Interference in Retention of Prose. , 1974 .

[18]  E. Tulving,et al.  Organization of memory. , 1973 .

[19]  G. M. Reicher,et al.  Clustering in free recall as a function of certain methodological variations. , 1966, Journal of experimental psychology.

[20]  C. N. Cofer.  ON SOME FACTORS IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE RECALL. , 1965, The American psychologist.

[21]  G. Bower,et al.  Hierarchical retrieval schemes in recall of categorized word lists , 1969 .

[22]  R. Bruning.  Short-Term Retention of Specific Factual Information in Prose Contexts of Varying Organization and Relevance. , 1970 .

[23]  B. Underwood,et al.  Further evidence on the MP-DP effect in free-recall learning , 1972 .

[24]  Endel Tulving,et al.  Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. , 1973 .

[25]  E. Tulving,et al.  Effectiveness of retrieval cues in memory for words. , 1968, Journal of experimental psychology.

[26]  Introduction to human memory : a psychological approach , 1970 .

[27]  G. A. Miller.  THE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW THE MAGICAL NUMBER SEVEN, PLUS OR MINUS TWO: SOME LIMITS ON OUR CAPACITY FOR PROCESSING INFORMATION 1 , 1956 .

[28]  E. Balser.  The free recall and category clustering of factual material presented in complex sentences , 1972 .

[29]  W. A. Bousfield.  The Occurrence of Clustering in the Recall of Randomly Arranged Associates , 1953 .

[30]  Francis J. Di Vesta,et al.  Effects of Passage Organization and Note Taking on the Selection of Clustering Strategies and on Recall of Textual Materials. , 1972 .

[31]  S. Madigan,et al.  Intraserial repetition and coding processes in free recall , 1969 .

[32]  G. Wood.  Retrieval cues and the accessibility of higher-order memory units in multitrial free recall , 1969 .

[33]  Samuel J. Thios,et al.  Memory for words in repeated sentences , 1972 .

[34]  L. Postman.  Learned principles of organization in memory. , 1954 .

[35]  Endel Tulving,et al.  Episodic memory: When recognition fails. , 1975 .

[36]  E. Tulving,et al.  Memory and Verbal Learning , 1970 .

[37]  E. Tulving,et al.  Availability versus accessibility of information in memory for words , 1966 .

[38]  Peter Herriot,et al.  Attributes of Memory , 1974 .

[39]  James H. Crouse,et al.  Retroactive interference in reading prose materials. , 1971 .

[40]  Walter Kintsch,et al.  Subjective retrieval cues in free recall , 1968 .

[41]  James H. Crouse,et al.  Storage and Retrieval of Prose Material , 1972 .

[42]  Nancy C. Waugh,et al.  On the effective duration of a repeated word , 1970 .

[43]  A. W. Melton.  The situation with respect to the spacing of repetitions and memory , 1970 .

[44]  E. Tulving.  Subjective organization in free recall of "unrelated" words. , 1962, Psychological review.

[45]  James H. Coots,et al.  Controlled semantic encoding and the effect of repetition lag on free recall , 1972 .

[46]  Frank L. Greitzer,et al.  Organization and Study Time in Learning From Reading. , 1972 .

[47]  W. Kintsch.  Learning, memory, and conceptual processes , 1970 .

[48]  Joseph T. Lawton,et al.  The Use of Advance Organizers in the Learning and Retention of Logical Operations and Social Studies Concepts , 1977 .

[49]  Richard C. Anderson,et al.  Retroactive Inhibition of Prose as a Function of the Type of Test. , 1972 .

[50]  Douglas L. Hintzman,et al.  Theoretical implications of the spacing effect. , 1974 .

[51]  D. Ausubel.  The use of advance organizers in the learning and retention of meaningful verbal material. , 1960 .

[52]  George Katona,et al.  Organizing and memorizing , 1940 .

[53]  A. W. Melton.  Repetition and retrieval from memory. , 1967, Science.

[54]  A. W. Melton,et al.  Coding Processes in Human Memory. , 1973 .

[55]  E. Tulving,et al.  Associative encoding and retrieval: Weak and strong cues. , 1970 .

[56]  K. Lloyd,et al.  Effect of Sentence Interrelation and Scrambling on the Recall of Factual Information. , 1973 .

[57]  P. R. D’Agostino,et al.  Locus of distributed lag effect in free recall , 1974 .

[58]  Lawrence T. Frase,et al.  Paragraph Organization of Written Materials: The Influence of Conceptual Clustering Upon the Level and Organization of Recall. , 1969 .

[59]  C. Schultz,et al.  Passage organization and imposed learning strategies in comprehension and recall of connected discourse , 1973, Memory & cognition.

[60]  T. Andre.  RETROACTIVE INHIBITION OF PROSE AND CHANGE IN PHYSICAL OR ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT , 1973 .

[61]  Endel Tulving,et al.  Cue-dependent forgetting. , 1974 .

[62]  James M. Royer,et al.  Organization of prose materials: Stimulus, storage, and retrieval. , 1973 .

[63]  Robert A. Bjork,et al.  The spacing effect: Consolidation or differential encoding? , 1970 .

[64]  Charles N. Cofer,et al.  Verbal behavior and learning: Problems and processes. , 1963 .

[65]  E. Martin,et al.  Stimulus meaningfulness and paired-associate transfer: an encoding variability hypothesis. , 1968, Psychological review.