Geological evolution of the Iti and Kallidromon Mountains (central Greece), focused on the ophiolitic outcrops

The Iti and Kallidromon Ophiolites represent incomplete ophiolite sequences, thrust over a stack of tectonic units from the Pelagonian, Beotian, Parnassos and Pindos Zones. They both comprise a remnant ophiolite nappe of upper mantle peridotites tectonically underlain by an ophiolite melange. The Iti ophiolite melange forms a "block-in-matrix" type and a co- herent type, whereas the Kallidromon ophiolite melange is of "block-in-matrix" type. The ophiolite nappe comprises harzbur- gite and lherzolite; dunite bodies occur in addition in the Kallidromon lherzolite. The evolution of the studied ophiolites in- cludes a multi-stage magmatic, metamorphic and tectonic history. Fragments of within-plate basalts within the ophiolite melanges suggest an early episode of volcanic activity, strongly related to the birth of an oceanic basin during Triassic. The evolution of that basin is related to eruption of N-MORB basalts, generated by partial melting of a fertile sub-oceanic mantle. Subsequent intra-oceanic subduction developed in the Pindos Ocean, resulted in the formation of a Bathonian (?) amphibolite metamorphic sole. A back-arc basin evolved with the eruption of island-arc tholeiite (IAT) and intermediate between MORB and IAT rocks, originated from partial melting of a depleted sub-arc mantle, in an almost E-W direction as inferred by the pres- ence of N-striking dykes within the peridotites. Continued convergence between the Apoulian and Pelagonian continental margins coupled with the assimilation of the subducting slab caused the ophiolite obduction towards NE and the contemporane- ous genesis of an ophiolite melange through a combination of tectonic and sedimentary processes. Intense deformation and folding in the areas of Iti and Kallidromon is the result of the post-emplacement tectonic. The comparable geological and geo- chemical characteristics of the Iti and Kallidromon Ophiolite Complexes with the adjacent ophiolite suites of Othrys, Evia, Koziakas and Pindos imply a common origin in a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) regime within the Pindos Ocean. Kurzfassung: Die Iti- und Kallidromon-Ophiolithe stellen unvollstandige Ophiolith-Abfolgen dar, die uber einen Stapel tekto- nischer Einheiten der Pelagonischen, Bootischen, Parnass- und Pindos-Zone geschoben wurden. Sie umfassen jeweils eine re- liktische Ophiolith-Decke, bestehend aus Mantelperidotiten und einer ophiolithischen Melange im tektonisch Liegenden. Die Ophiolith-Melange des Iti zeigt sowohl den "block-in-matrix"-Typus als auch koharente Strukturen, wahrend die Ophiolith- Melange des Kallidromon nur den "block-in-matrix"-Typus erkennen lasst. Die Ophiolith-Decke enthalt Harzburgite und Lher- zolithe. Im Lherzolith des Kallidromon kommen auserdem Dunitkorper vor. Die magmatische, metamorphe und tektonische Entwicklung der untersuchten Ophiolithe ist mehrstufi g. Fragmente vor Intraplattenbasalten in der ophiolithischen Melange lassen eine fruhe Episode vulkanischer Aktivitat annehmen, die mit der Geburt eines Ozeanbeckens wahrend der Trias ver- knupft war. Die Entwicklung dieses Beckens steht in Verbindung mit der Forderung von NMOR-Basalten, die durch partielles Schmelzen fertiler subozeanischer Mandelgesteine erzeugt wurden. Im Bathonium entstand im Pindos-Ozean eine intraozea- nische Subduktionszone, die zur Entstehung von amphibolitfaziellen Gesteinen an der Basis fuhrte. Mit der Eruption von Insel- bogen-Tholeiiten (IAT) und Magmatiten, die chemisch zwischen IAT und MORB stehen, entwickelte sich ein "back-arc"-Be- cken. Diese Magmen gingen aus der partiellen Aufschmelzung von veramten "sub-arc"-Mantelgesteinen hervor. Die E-W-Erstreckung dieses "back-arc"-Beckens ergibt sich aus dem Vorkommen nordstreichender Gange in den Peridotiten. Die andauernde Konvergenz zwischen den apulischen und pelagonischen Kontinentalrandern, verknupft mit der Assimi- lation der subduzierten Platte, leitete die Obduktion von Ophiolithen in nordostlicher Richtung sowie die gleichzeitige Bil- dung einer ophiolithischen Melange in Kombination tektonischer und sedimentarer Prozesse ein. Intensive Verformung und Faltung in den Gebieten von Iti und Kallidromon resultiert aus tektonischen Prozessen, die nach der Platznahme der Ophi- olithe stattfanden. Der Vergleich geologischer und geochemischer Merkmale der Iti- und Kallidromon-Ophiolithkomplexe mit denen der benachbarten Ophiolith-Abfolgen des Othrys sowie von Euboa, Koziakas und des Pindos, lasst eine gemein- same Herkunft in einem SSZ-Regime innerhalb des Pindos-Ozeans vermuten.

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