Towards responsible use of cognitive-enhancing drugs by the healthy

Society must respond to the growing demand for cognitive enhancement. That response must start by rejecting the idea that 'enhancement' is a dirty word, argue Henry Greely and colleagues.

[1]  William Safire,et al.  Beyond therapy : biotechnology and the pursuit of happiness : areport of the President's Council on Bioethics , 2003 .

[2]  B. Pitt Psychopharmacology , 1968, Mental Health.

[3]  A. Daffertshofer,et al.  Effects of sleep deprivation on neural functioning: an integrative review , 2007, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.

[4]  Judy Illes,et al.  Neurocognitive enhancement: what can we do and what should we do? , 2004, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[5]  J. Moreno Mind Wars: Brain Research and National Defense , 2006, Learning To Live Together: Promoting Social Harmony.

[6]  A. Thielscher,et al.  Cholinergic enhancement of episodic memory in healthy young adults , 2005, Psychopharmacology.

[7]  M. Minzenberg,et al.  Modafinil: A Review of Neurochemical Actions and Effects on Cognition , 2008, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[8]  L. Weyandt,et al.  ADHD in College Students , 2006, Journal of attention disorders.

[9]  Manjit,et al.  Neurology , 1912, NeuroImage.

[10]  Joshua Kleinfeld,et al.  Beyond Therapy: Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Happiness , 2003 .

[11]  F. Fukuyama Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution , 2002 .

[12]  B. Vastag Poised to challenge need for sleep, "wakefulness enhancer" rouses concerns. , 2004, JAMA.

[13]  B. Maher,et al.  Poll results: look who's doping , 2008, Nature.

[14]  L. Diller,et al.  The run on Ritalin. Attention deficit disorder and stimulant treatment in the 1990s. , 1996, The Hastings Center report.

[15]  G. Lynch,et al.  Ampakines and the threefold path to cognitive enhancement , 2006, Trends in Neurosciences.

[16]  Bruce D. McCandliss,et al.  Development of neural systems for reading. , 2007, Annual review of neuroscience.

[17]  L. Duntas,et al.  Nutrition and Brain Function: A Multidisciplinary Virtual Symposium , 2002, Nutritional neuroscience.

[18]  W. Byrnes Beyond Therapy: Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Happiness, by the President’s Council on Bioethics , 2005 .

[19]  B. Sahakian,et al.  The mental wealth of nations , 2008, Nature.

[20]  A. Kramer,et al.  Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition , 2008, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[21]  Bogdan Draganski,et al.  Neuroplasticity: Changes in grey matter induced by training , 2004, Nature.

[22]  C. Brooks Climatic Change , 1913, Nature.

[23]  B. Sahakian,et al.  Professor's little helper , 2007, Nature.

[24]  Danielle C. Turner,et al.  Cognitive enhancing effects of modafinil in healthy volunteers , 2002, Psychopharmacology.

[25]  J. Harvey Enhancing Evolution: The Ethical Case for Making Better People , 2008 .

[26]  P. Pini Addiction , 1996, The Lancet.

[27]  H. Wechsler,et al.  Non-medical use of prescription stimulants among US college students: prevalence and correlates from a national survey. , 2005, Addiction.

[28]  Jason P. Mitchell,et al.  The Seven Sins of Memory , 2003, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[29]  R. Rosenfeld Nature , 2009, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[30]  Catherine E. Snow,et al.  Strategic Education Research Partnership. , 2003 .