Advanced Techniques to Increase the Number of Users and Bit Rate in OCDMA Networks

Optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) systems have recently become a topic of interest for their potential application in access points and optical LANs. In this paper, we review OCDMA systems and their limitations, as well as various experimental techniques to increase the number of users and/or bit rate in a system or a network. These techniques include incorporating M-ary modulation formats, hard-limiting receiver, variable thresholding, and orthogonal polarizations as the third dimension. We also discuss some network limitations such as congestion collapse and near-far effect, and we investigate two techniques to overcome them: interference avoidance and missing chip detection.

[1]  Joseph D. Touch,et al.  The need for media access control in optical CDMA networks , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[2]  Wing C. Kwong,et al.  Prime Codes with Applications to CDMA Optical and Wireless Networks , 2002 .

[3]  Jawad A. Salehi,et al.  Code division multiple-access techniques in optical fiber networks. I. Fundamental principles , 1989, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[4]  Yanxun Chang,et al.  Combinatorial constructions of optimal optical orthogonal codes with weight 4 , 2003, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[5]  Tanee Demeechai,et al.  Beat noise in a non-coherent optical CDMA system , 2002, The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems, 2002. ICCS 2002..

[6]  I. Garrett,et al.  Pulse-Position Modulation for Transmission Over Optical Fibers with Direct or Heterodyne Detection , 1983, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[7]  John D. Angelopoulos,et al.  Efficient transport of packets with QoS in an FSAN-aligned GPON , 2004, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[8]  Jawad A. Salehi,et al.  Code division multiple-access techniques in optical fiber networks. II. Systems performance analysis , 1989, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[9]  T. Demeechai.  Noise-limited performance of spectral-amplitude-coding optical CDMA in fibre-optic radio highway networks , 2005 .

[10]  J.A. Salehi,et al.  M-ary infrared CDMA for indoors wireless communications , 2001, 12th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. PIMRC 2001. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8598).

[11]  Xu Wang,et al.  Analysis of beat noise in coherent and incoherent time-spreading OCDMA , 2004, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[12]  Leslie A. Rusch,et al.  Experimental demonstration and simulation results of frequency encoded optical CDMA , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577).

[13]  P. Toliver,et al.  Experimental results on the simultaneous transmission of two 2.5 Gbps optical-CDMA channels and a 10 Gbps OOK channel within the same WDM window , 2005, OFC/NFOEC Technical Digest. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2005..

[14]  Guu-chang Yang,et al.  Multiple-length multiple-wavelength optical orthogonal codes for optical CDMA systems supporting multirate multimedia services , 2004, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[15]  Hossam M. H. Shalaby.  Optical OPPM-CDMA receivers with chip-level detectors , 2001 .

[16]  Hossam M. H. Shalaby.  Direct detection optical overlapping PPM-CDMA communication systems with double optical hardlimiters , 1999 .

[17]  Oscar Moreno,et al.  Improved Johnson bounds for optical orthogonal codes with /spl lambda/ > 1 and some optimal constructions , 2005, Proceedings. International Symposium on Information Theory, 2005. ISIT 2005..

[18]  Guu-chang Yang,et al.  Performance comparison of multiwavelength CDMA and WDMA+CDMA for fiber-optic networks , 1997, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[19]  A.E. Willner,et al.  Variable Bit Rate Optical CDMA Networks Using Multiple Pulse Position Modulation , 2007, OFC/NFOEC 2007 - 2007 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[20]  Tanee Demeechai.  On noise-limited performance of noncomplementary spectral-amplitude coding optical CDMA systems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[21]  H.M.H. Shalaby,et al.  Effect of both shot and beat noises on the performance of a 2D optical CDMA correlation receiver , 2003, 2003 46th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[22]  R. Julian R. Abel,et al.  Some progress on (v, 4, 1) difference families and optical orthogonal codes , 2004, J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A.

[23]  J.S. Lehnert,et al.  Impact of beat noise on an incoherent OCDMA system with temporal spreading , 2004, Conference Record of the Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 2004..

[24]  A.E. Willner,et al.  Analytical interference model for two-dimensional (time-wavelength) asynchronous O-CDMA systems using various receiver structures , 2005, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[25]  Joseph D. Touch,et al.  Analytical model of variable quality of service to increase the number of users in an O-CDMA network , 2005 .

[26]  Bane V. Vasic,et al.  Combinatorial constructions of optical orthogonal codes for OCDMA systems , 2004, IEEE Communications Letters.

[27]  A.E. Willner,et al.  Analytical interference model for 2-dimensional (time-wavelength) asynchronous OCDMA systems , 2004, Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2004. OFC 2004.

[28]  Kumar N. Sivarajan,et al.  Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective , 1998 .

[29]  Guu-chang Yang,et al.  Design of multilength optical orthogonal codes for optical CDMA multimedia networks , 2002, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[30]  Leslie A. Rusch,et al.  Impact of the beat noise on the performance of 2-D optical CDMA systems , 2000, IEEE Communications Letters.

[31]  Leonid G. Kazovsky,et al.  SUCCESS-HPON: A next-generation optical access architecture for smooth migration from TDM-PON to WDM-PON , 2005, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[32]  J. A. Salehi,et al.  Statistical analysis of fiber-optic CDMA communication systems. I. Device modeling , 2002 .

[33]  Guu-chang Yang,et al.  Shifted carrier-hopping prime codes for multicode keying in wavelength-time O-CDMA , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[34]  J.E. McGeehan,et al.  Experimental demonstration of OCDMA transmission using a three-dimensional (time-wavelength-polarization) codeset , 2005, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[35]  H. Vincent Poor,et al.  Effects of Laser Phase Drift on Coherent Optical CDMA , 1995, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[36]  Hossam M. H. Shalaby,et al.  Chip-level detection in optical code division multiple access , 1998 .

[37]  G. Karlsson,et al.  On error-correction coding for CDMA PON , 2005, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[38]  P. Vijay Kumar,et al.  Improved constructions and bounds for 2-D optical orthogonal codes , 2005, Proceedings. International Symposium on Information Theory, 2005. ISIT 2005..

[39]  P. Vijay Kumar,et al.  New Constructions and Bounds for 2-D Optical Orthogonal Codes , 2004, SETA.

[40]  Jawad A. Salehi,et al.  Performance analysis for various fiber-optic CDMA receiver structures , 2000, Globecom '00 - IEEE. Global Telecommunications Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37137).

[41]  A. M. J. Koonen,et al.  Fiber to the Home/Fiber to the Premises: What, Where, and When? , 2006, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[42]  A.E. Willner,et al.  Experimental demonstration of code position modulation in an O-CDMA system to increase the number of users , 2006, 2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference.

[43]  Cheng-Yuan Chang,et al.  Wavelength-time codes with maximum cross-correlation function of two for multicode-keying optical CDMA , 2006, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[44]  Guu-chang Yang,et al.  Multiple-wavelength optical orthogonal codes under prime-sequence permutations for optical CDMA , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[45]  E. Mutafungwa,et al.  Multiclass optical orthogonal codes for multiservice optical CDMA networks , 2006, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[46]  T. Etzion,et al.  Constructions for optimal constant weight cyclically permutable codes and difference families , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory.

[47]  Youngil Park,et al.  A symmetric-structure CDMA-PON system and its implementation , 2002 .

[48]  I. Glesk,et al.  Novel M-ary architecture for optical CDMA using pulse position modulation , 2005, 2005 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings.

[49]  John R. Barry,et al.  Modulation analysis for wireless infrared communications , 1995, Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Communications ICC '95.

[50]  J. A. Salehi,et al.  Statistical analysis of fiber-optic CDMA communication systems. II. Incorporating multiple optical amplifiers , 2002 .

[51]  Marco Buratti,et al.  Cyclic Designs with Block Size 4 and Related Optimal Optical Orthogonal Codes , 2002, Des. Codes Cryptogr..

[52]  Joseph D. Touch,et al.  Algorithms for interference sensing in optical CDMA networks , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577).

[53]  Guu-chang Yang,et al.  Extended carrier-hopping prime codes for wavelength-time optical code-division multiple access , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[54]  A.E. Willner,et al.  Experimental Demonstration of an Interference-Avoidance-Based Protocol for O-CDMA Networks , 2006, 2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[55]  R. Fischer,et al.  Experimental demonstration and scalability analysis of a four-node 102-Gchip/s fast frequency-hopping time-spreading optical CDMA network , 2005, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[56]  I. Andonovic,et al.  Effect of physical layer impairments on SUM and AND detection strategies for 2-D optical CDMA , 2005, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[57]  Desmond P. Taylor,et al.  Noise limits of optical spectral-encoding CDMA systems , 1995 .

[58]  I. Andonovic,et al.  Hybrid wavelength hopping/time spreading schemes for use in massive optical networks with increased security , 1996 .

[59]  Ying Li,et al.  Optical CDMA via temporal codes , 1992, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[60]  I. Andonovic,et al.  Beat noise limits of 2-D time spreading-wavelength hopping optical CDMA networks , 2005, Second IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks, 2005. WOCN 2005..