Optimisation énergétique de l'étage d'adaptation électronique dédié à la conversion photovoltaïque

Une chaine de conversion photovoltaique signifie aujourd'hui un generateur photovoltaique (GPV) connecte a une charge par l'intermediaire d'un convertisseur. Selon l'application visee, l'energie photovoltaique est soit utilisee telle quelle par la charge, soit stockee ou bien injectee directement au reseau electrique. L'optimisation de la production de cette energie reste encore du domaine de la recherche et beaucoup d'innovations sont encore necessaires pour en faire une energie fiable. De nos jours, les axes de recherche pour augmenter la production de cette energie sont principalement focalises sur l'extraction de la puissance maximale, mais tres peu de solutions sont proposees pour ameliorer l'efficacite energetique de la chaine de conversion dans son ensemble. Cette these est focalisee sur l'optimisation des performances des etages d'adaptation. Ainsi, des ameliorations sont proposees sur les differentes parties constituant la chaine de conversion. Le haut degre d'integration et la flexibilite apportes par le domaine digital nous ont pousses vers la numerisation de commandes MPPT elaborees sur le principe de commande extremale. L'amelioration de l'etage de conversion est illustree au travers de deux structures, inspirees de methodes couramment utilisees dans les applications de fortes puissances comme la mise en parallele de convertisseurs DC-DC fonctionnant en mode interleaving. De nouvelles proprietes, intrinseques a des structures semigiratrices de puissance, renforcent l'etude. Une nouvelle architecture basee sur la discretisation de chaque generateur photovoltaique est ainsi proposee comme pouvant etre le meilleur compromis en termes de transfert d'energie solaire.

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