Ion cyclotron waves during a great magnetic storm observed by Freja double-probe electric

Evolution of the great magnetic storm in April 1993 is studied using observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves by the F1 double-probe electric field instrument onboard the Freja satellite. The almost continuous operation of the F1 instrument in the overview mode allowed us to follow the global EMIC wave activity at low altitudes above the ionosphere during several subsequent days covering the initial (compression), main, and recovery phases of the storm. During the initial phase of the storm the spatial occurrence of EMIC waves has a postnoon high-latitude maximum, in agreement with earlier statistical results. A sudden and dramatic change of this pattern was observed with the start of the storm main phase. During the main phase, wave amplitudes were greatly enhanced and the active wave region moved to considerably lower latitudes to the late evening MLT sector. Also, the existence of heavy ions in the later main phase changed the distribution of wave frequencies dramatically. Most interestingly, a number of oxygen band EMIC waves were observed during a limited period of about 7 hours in the later main phase. The observed asymmetric MLT distribution of these oxygen band waves implies that the oxygen loss rate is faster than the drift rate. The results suggest that the EMIC waves play a crucial role in the main and early recovery phase of a great storm.

[1]  B. J. Fraser,et al.  Pc 1–2 magnetic pulsation spectra and heavy ion effects at synchronous orbit: ATS 6 results , 1982 .

[2]  Brian J. Anderson,et al.  A statistical study of Pc 1–2 magnetic pulsations in the equatorial magnetosphere: 1. Equatorial occurrence distributions , 1992 .

[3]  S. Cuperman,et al.  Combined effect of cold H+ and He+ ions on the proton cyclotron electromagnetic instability , 1982 .

[4]  Janet U. Kozyra,et al.  Collisional losses of ring current ions , 1996 .

[5]  C. Greifinger,et al.  Theory of hydromagnetic propagation in the ionospheric waveguide , 1968 .

[6]  G. Gloeckler,et al.  Ring current development during the great geomagnetic storm of February 1986 , 1988 .

[7]  G. Gloeckler,et al.  AMPTE Ion Composition Results , 1987 .

[8]  Thomas E. Cravens,et al.  Effects of energetic heavy ions on electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave generation in the plasmapause region , 1984 .

[9]  S. Akasofu,et al.  Periodically structured Pc 1 micropulsations during the recovery phase of intense magnetic storms , 1973 .

[10]  S. Perraut,et al.  Wave‐particle interactions near ΩHe+ observed on GEOS 1 and 2 1. Propagation of ion cyclotron waves in He+‐rich plasma , 1981 .

[11]  T. Hirasawa.  Effects of Magnetospheric Compression and Expansion on Spectral Structure of ULF Emissions , 1981 .

[12]  R. Horne,et al.  Modulation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron instability due to interaction with ring current O+ during magnetic storms , 1997 .

[13]  K. G. Ivanov,et al.  CHANGE IN THE FREQUENCY OF Pc1 MICROPULSATIONS DURING A SUDDEN DEFORMATION OF THE MAGNETOSPHERE. , 1968 .

[14]  R. Manchester.  Propagation of Pc 1 micropulsations from high to low latitudes , 1966 .

[15]  A. Roux,et al.  Ray tracing of ULF waves in a multicomponent magnetospheric plasma: Consequences for the generation mechanism of ion cyclotron waves , 1982 .

[16]  D. Williams,et al.  The proton ring current and its interaction with the plasmapause: Storm recovery phase , 1974 .

[17]  R. Landshoff,et al.  WAVEGUIDE THEORY FOR IONOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF HYDROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS , 1966 .

[18]  L. Blomberg,et al.  The double probe electric field experiment on Freja : Experiment description and first results , 1994 .

[19]  V. Jordanova,et al.  Modeling of the contribution of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves to stormtime ring current erosion , 2013 .

[20]  Lou‐Chuang Lee,et al.  Pc1 wave generation by sudden impulses , 1983 .

[21]  V. P. Hessler,et al.  Pearl‐type micropulsations associated with magnetic storm sudden commencements , 1965 .

[22]  B. Inhester,et al.  Ground-satellite coordinated study of the April 5, 1979 events - Observation of O(+) cyclotron waves , 1984 .

[23]  Nikolai A. Tsyganenko,et al.  GLOBAL QUANTITATIVE MODELS OF THE GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD IN THE CISLUNAR MAGNETOSPHERE FOR DIFFERENT DISTURBANCE LEVELS , 1987 .

[24]  S. Grahn,et al.  The Freja science mission , 1994 .

[25]  T. Iyemori,et al.  PC 1 micropulsations observed by Magsat in the ionospheric F region , 1989 .

[26]  Charles F. Kennel,et al.  LIMIT ON STABLY TRAPPED PARTICLE FLUXES , 1966 .

[27]  John M. Cornwall,et al.  CYCLOTRON INSTABILITIES AND ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION IN THE ULTRA LOW FREQUENCY AND VERY LOW FREQUENCY RANGES , 1965 .

[28]  B. Anderson,et al.  Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves stimulated by modest magnetospheric compressions , 1993 .

[29]  W. E. Francis,et al.  The polar ionosphere as a source of the storm time ring current , 1985 .

[30]  R. C. Wentworth.  Enhancement of hydromagnetic emissions after geomagnetic storms , 1964 .

[31]  L. Gomberoff,et al.  Convective growth rate of ion cyclotron waves in a H+−He+ and H+−He+−O+ plasma , 1983 .

[32]  T. Moore,et al.  Ring current development during storm main phase , 1996 .

[33]  J. Olson,et al.  Multistation correlation of ULF pulsation spectra associated with sudden impulses , 1986 .

[34]  B. J. Fraser,et al.  Electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave amplification and source regions in the magnetosphere , 1994 .

[35]  V. Mazur,et al.  The evolution of pearls in the earth's magnetosphere , 1983 .

[36]  J. Cornwall,et al.  TURBULENT LOSS OF RING-CURRENT PROTONS. , 1970 .

[37]  R. R. Heacock,et al.  Relation of Pc 1 micropulsations to the ring current and geomagnetic storms , 1972 .

[38]  B. J. Fraser,et al.  Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves observed near the oxygen cyclotron frequency by ISEE 1 and 2 , 1992 .

[39]  R. Manchester.  Correction of Pc 1 micropulsations at spaced stations , 1968 .

[40]  B. Anderson,et al.  Pc 1 waves in the ionosphere: A statistical study , 1996 .

[41]  Per-Arne Lindqvist,et al.  Dispersive Pc1 bursts observed by Freja , 1994 .