Study on feasibility of determination of glucosamine content of fermentation process using a micro NIR spectrometer.

N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is a microbial fermentation product, and NIR spectroscopy is an effective process analytical technology (PAT) tool in detecting the key quality attribute: the GlcNAc content. Meanwhile, the design of NIR spectrometers is under the trend of miniaturization, portability and low-cost nowadays. The aim of this study was to explore a portable micro NIR spectrometer with the fermentation process. First, FT-NIR spectrometer and Micro-NIR 1700 spectrometer were compared with simulated fermentation process solutions. The Rc2, Rp2, RMSECV and RMSEP of the optimal FT-NIR and Micro-NIR 1700 models were 0.999, 0.999, 3.226 g/L, 1.388 g/L and 0.999, 0.999, 1.821 g/L, 0.967 g/L. Passing-Bablok regression method and paired t-test results showed there were no significant differences between the two instruments. Then the Micro-NIR 1700 was selected for the practical fermentation process, 135 samples from 10 batches were collected. Spectral pretreatment methods and variables selection methods (BiPLS, FiPLS, MWPLS and CARS-PLS) for PLS modeling were discussed. The Rc2, Rp2, RMSECV and RMSEP of the optimal GlcNAc content PLS model of the practical fermentation process were 0.994, 0.995, 2.792 g/L and 1.946 g/L. The results have a positive reference for application of the Micro-NIR spectrometer. To some extent, it could provide theoretical supports in guiding the microbial fermentation or the further assessment of bioprocess.

[1]  S. Cohen,et al.  The Drosophila Gene brainiac Encodes a Glycosyltransferase Putatively Involved in Glycosphingolipid Synthesis* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[2]  Holger Becker,et al.  Polymer microfabrication technologies for microfluidic systems , 2008, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[3]  Li Zhi,et al.  Wavelength selection of amino acid THz absorption spectra for quantitative analysis by a self-adaptive genetic algorithm and comparison with mwPLS , 2017 .

[4]  S. Engelsen,et al.  Interval Partial Least-Squares Regression (iPLS): A Comparative Chemometric Study with an Example from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy , 2000 .

[5]  Roumiana Tsenkova,et al.  Water spectral pattern as holistic marker for water quality monitoring. , 2016, Talanta.

[6]  Xiaoting Li,et al.  A feasibility study on quantitative analysis of glucose and fructose in lotus root powder by FT-NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. , 2012, Food chemistry.

[7]  Absorption and quantitative characteristics of C-H bond and O-H bond of NIR , 2014 .

[8]  Maria Fernanda Pimentel,et al.  Comparing the analytical performances of Micro-NIR and FT-NIR spectrometers in the evaluation of acerola fruit quality, using PLS and SVM regression algorithms. , 2017, Talanta.

[9]  Jia-hua Wang,et al.  [Selection of variables for MLR in Vis/NIR spectroscopy based on BiPLS combined with GA]. , 2009, Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu.

[10]  Lutgarde M. C. Buydens,et al.  Improvement of PLS model transferability by robust wavelength selection , 1998 .

[11]  Jiewen Zhao,et al.  Selection of the efficient wavelength regions in FT-NIR spectroscopy for determination of SSC of ‘Fuji’ apple based on BiPLS and FiPLS models , 2007 .

[12]  S. Ji,et al.  Selection of wavelength for strawberry NIR spectroscopy based on BiPLS combined with SAA , 2011 .

[13]  Nicolás G. Dini,et al.  Determination of moisture content in lyophilized mannitol through intact glass vials using NIR micro-spectrometers , 2011 .

[14]  Y. Matsuzawa,et al.  The Addition of Bisecting N-Acetylglucosamine Residues to E-cadherin Down-regulates the Tyrosine Phosphorylation of β-Catenin* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[15]  J. Menezes,et al.  Near‐infrared and two‐dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy monitoring of monoclonal antibody fermentation media quality: Aged media decreases cell growth , 2013, Biotechnology journal.

[16]  Ze-tao Li,et al.  A new fault isolation and identification method for nonlinear dynamic systems: Application to a fermentation process , 2008 .

[17]  T. Shoji,et al.  Microphotonics devices based on silicon microfabrication technology , 2005, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[18]  Marcelo Blanco,et al.  NIR spectroscopy: a rapid-response analytical tool , 2002 .

[19]  Gabriele Reich,et al.  Near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging: basic principles and pharmaceutical applications. , 2005, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[20]  Jiewen Zhao,et al.  Selection of wavelength for strawberry NIR spectroscopy based on BiPLS combined with SAA: Selection of wavelength for strawberry NIR spectroscopy based on BiPLS combined with SAA , 2012 .

[21]  A S Rathore,et al.  Process analytical technology (PAT) for biopharmaceutical products , 2010, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[22]  Keiji Imai,et al.  Process analytical technology applied for end-point detection of pharmaceutical blending by combining two calibration-free methods: Simultaneously monitoring specific near-infrared peak intensity and moving block standard deviation , 2011 .

[23]  P. Salmon,et al.  Scale up of a viscous fungal fermentation: Application of scale‐up criteria with regime analysis and operating boundary conditions , 2007, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[24]  Wen-Li Xu,et al.  [Determination of soluble solids content in navel oranges by Vis/NIR diffuse transmission spectra combined with CARS method]. , 2012, Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu.

[25]  Hui Zhang,et al.  Application of near-infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis in monitoring of crude heparin purification process. , 2013, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[26]  John Alderman,et al.  Issues in development of NIR micro spectrometer system for on-line process monitoring of milk product , 2003 .

[27]  B. Kowalski,et al.  Partial least-squares regression: a tutorial , 1986 .

[28]  Quansheng Chen,et al.  Identification of solid state fermentation degree with FT-NIR spectroscopy: Comparison of wavelength variable selection methods of CARS and SCARS. , 2015, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[29]  Qun Ma,et al.  NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for monitoring and understanding of a hydrolysis process. , 2013, Bioresource technology.

[30]  Long Liu,et al.  Enhanced glucosamine production by Aspergillus sp. BCRC 31742 based on the time-variant kinetics analysis of dissolved oxygen level. , 2012, Bioresource technology.

[31]  Y. Kosugi,et al.  Stabilities of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) isoenzymes in urine: advantage of NAG isoenzyme B measurement in clinical applications. , 1998, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[32]  R. Karoui,et al.  Spectroscopic techniques coupled with chemometric tools for structure and texture determinations in dairy products , 2003 .

[33]  Kristine Glunde,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of glucosamine-bound near-infrared probes for optical imaging. , 2006, Organic letters.

[34]  An-xiang Lu,et al.  The Characteristic Spectral Selection Method Based on Forward and Backward Interval Partial Least Squares. , 2016, Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu.

[35]  Roberto Kawakami Harrop Galvão,et al.  A method for calibration and validation subset partitioning. , 2005, Talanta.

[36]  Jiemei Chen,et al.  [NIR spectroscopy combined with stability and equivalence MW-PLS method applied to analysis of hyperlipidemia indexes]. , 2014, Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu.

[37]  A. Fabbri,et al.  FT-NIR and FT-MIR spectroscopy to discriminate competitors, non compliance and compliance grated Parmigiano Reggiano cheese , 2013 .

[38]  H. Chang,et al.  Optimization of culture conditions and continuous production of chitosan by the fungi,Absidia coerulea , 2001 .

[39]  I M Raimundo,et al.  iHWG-μNIR: a miniaturised near-infrared gas sensor based on substrate-integrated hollow waveguides coupled to a micro-NIR-spectrophotometer. , 2014, The Analyst.

[40]  B. Moussian.  The role of GlcNAc in formation and function of extracellular matrices. , 2008, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology.

[41]  S. Aiba,et al.  Production of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from alpha-chitin by crude enzymes from Aeromonas hydrophila H-2330. , 2002, Carbohydrate research.

[42]  Xinyuan Shi,et al.  Online near-infrared analysis coupled with MWPLS and SiPLS models for the multi-ingredient and multi-phase extraction of licorice (Gancao) , 2015, Chinese Medicine.

[43]  Huazhou Chen,et al.  Waveband selection for NIR spectroscopy analysis of soil organic matter based on SG smoothing and MWPLS methods , 2011 .

[44]  V. Reinhold,et al.  Null Mutations in Drosophila N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase I Produce Defects in Locomotion and a Reduced Life Span* , 2006, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[45]  Hui Zhang,et al.  Rapid determination of hyaluronic acid concentration in fermentation broth with near-infrared spectroscopy , 2014 .

[46]  Brian McNeil,et al.  At-Line Control and Fault Analysis In an Industrial High Cell Density Escherichia Coli Fermentation, Using NIR Spectroscopy , 1996 .

[47]  Lianzhou Jiang,et al.  Iodine value determination of edible oils using ATR‐FTIR and chemometric methods , 2017 .

[48]  P. DeAngelis.  Evolution of glycosaminoglycans and their glycosyltransferases: Implications for the extracellular matrices of animals and the capsules of pathogenic bacteria , 2002, The Anatomical record.

[49]  Michael Vohland,et al.  Determination of soil properties with visible to near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy: Effects of spectral variable selection , 2014 .

[50]  Tao Liu,et al.  Micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) for microstructure manipulation and optical characterization , 2007, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering.

[51]  W. Bablok,et al.  Application of statistical procedures in analytical instrument testing , 1985, The Journal of automatic chemistry.

[52]  A. Mouazen,et al.  Application of the MIR for the determination of some chemical parameters in European Emmental cheeses produced during summer , 2006 .

[53]  Hai-bin Qu,et al.  In-line monitoring of alcohol precipitation by near-infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate batch modeling. , 2011, Analytica chimica acta.

[54]  E. Vandamme,et al.  Microbial Sucrose Phosphorylase: Fermentation Process, Properties, and Biotechnical Applications , 1987 .