Single CCTA–Based Universal Biquadratic Filters Employing Minimum Components

—In this paper a new second–order voltage– and current–mode universal biquadratic frequency filters using only single current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCTA) and four passive elements are presented. The proposed voltage–mode universal filter has been transformed into current–mode universal filter using adjoint transformation method. Proposed circuits enables to realize the low–, band–, high–pass, band–stop and all–pass responses without changing the circuit topology and the possibility of independent control of the quality factor Q using single passive element. No component matching is required and all the passive and active sensitivities are low. PSPICE simulations and experimental results based on commercially available amplifiers OPA861 and MAX435 are included verify the theoretical conclusions of the proposed circuits.

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