Human Exposures to Particle Strong Acidity

AbstractThis article reviews the findings of recent research programs and attempts to present an update of our current understanding about human exposures to particle strong acidity (PSA). This review tells the key steps in our recent progress, such as aerosol chemistry and physics, improvements in samplers and measurement techniques, increases in the databases, and exposure assessments. Remedying an earlier paucity in direct measurements of PSA, there has been a great increase in the database from several recent field studies. These studies have shown that where appreciable PSA exists, virtually all exposures occur in the warmer months, and the highest PSA levels are specifically associated with summertime, regional stagnation periods. Frequently, PSA episodes are coincident with photochemical smog and high ozone levels, although the converse is not always the case. A number of new studies have shown that the effect of the indoors on human exposures to PSA is entirely protective. That is, there are rarel...

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