LiV3O8: characterization as anode material for an aqueous rechargeable Li-ion battery system

Abstract The electrochemical characteristics of LiV 3 O 8 have been investigated with respect to its use as anode material in a new type of rechargeable battery system. LiV 3 O 8 reversibly intercalated/deintercalated Li + cations at potentials below the evolution potential of hydrogen in a neutral aqueous solution. Thus, it could be used as anode material in an aqueous battery system without causing the kinetic electrolysis of water. A battery cell consisting of a combination of a LiCoO 2 /LiNi 1−x Co x O 2 solid solution (i.e. LiNi 0.81 Co 0.19 O 2 ) as cathode material, LiV 3 O 8 as anode material and a 1 M-Li 2 SO 4 (or LiCl) aqueous solution as electrolyte was constructed. With an output voltage of 1–1.2 V, a total capacity of about 45 mAh/g (weight of anode+cathode) could be obtained. Concerning the stability, 70% of the discharge capacity remained after 30 charge/discharge cycles. The loss in capacity is attributed to a deterioration of the crystal structure. The results indicate the possibility for the development of a safe and low-cost aqueous lithium ion battery.

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