Advanced diagnostic aids in oral cancer.

Oral cancers are one of the most common cancers worldwide today. They are usually neglected by the common population when compared to systemic cancers such as the lung cancer, colon cancer etc. However, they also may be extremely fatal if left untreated even at a very initial stage of the lesion. Early detection and treatment gives the best chance for its cure. The five-year survival rate of oral cancer still remains low and delayed diagnosis is suggested to be one of the major reasons. The detection and diagnosis are currently based on clinical examination, histopathological evaluation of the biopsy material and molecular methods. Several diagnostic aids have been developed over the years for early detection of oral cancer. The purpose of this article is to review the advanced available diagnostic adjuncts for the detection of oral cancer.

[1]  A. Horowitz,et al.  Maryland adults' perspectives on oral cancer prevention and early detection. , 2002, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[2]  S. Divani,et al.  Advantages and difficulties of brush cytology in the identification of early oral cancer , 2009 .

[3]  L. Patton,et al.  Adjunctive techniques for oral cancer examination and lesion diagnosis: a systematic review of the literature. , 2008, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[4]  Pettigrew Nm.  Techniques in immunocytochemistry. Application to diagnostic pathology. , 1989 .

[5]  A. Burkhardt.  Advanced methods in the evaluation of premalignant lesions and carcinomas of the oral mucosa. , 1985, Journal of oral pathology.

[6]  R. Jordan,et al.  Advanced diagnostic methods in oral and maxillofacial pathology. Part I: molecular methods. , 2001, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[7]  S. Manjunath,et al.  Unicystic ameloblastoma of the mandible - an unusual case report and review of literature , 2010, Head & neck oncology.

[8]  David Elashoff,et al.  Salivary Transcriptome Diagnostics for Oral Cancer Detection , 2004, Clinical Cancer Research.

[9]  S. Fedele.  Diagnostic aids in the screening of oral cancer , 2009, Head & neck oncology.

[10]  S. Gokul.  Salivary Diagnostics in Oral Cancer , 2012 .

[11]  K. Engels,et al.  The polymerase chain reaction in pathology. , 1997, Journal of clinical pathology.

[12]  G. Kubicek,et al.  FDG-PET staging and importance of lymph node SUV in head and neck cancer , 2010, Head & neck oncology.

[13]  G. Bullock,et al.  Techniques in Immunocytochemistry , 1983 .

[14]  M. Vaidya,et al.  Altered keratin expression in buccal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma. , 1989, Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology.

[15]  D. Laskin,et al.  Efficacy of the ViziLite system in the identification of oral lesions. , 2007, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[16]  Tahwinder Upile,et al.  Head & Neck Oncology: purpose, scope and goals-charting the future , 2009, Head & neck oncology.

[17]  D. Maraki,et al.  Cytologic and DNA-cytometric very early diagnosis of oral cancer. , 2004, Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology.

[18]  John M. Wright,et al.  Advances in Diagnostic Adjuncts for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma , 2011 .

[19]  L. Tanoue.  Cancer Statistics, 2009 , 2010 .

[20]  H Stepp,et al.  Autofluorescence imaging and spectroscopy of normal and malignant mucosa in patients with head and neck cancer , 1999, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[21]  C. Scully,et al.  Oral cancer: current and future diagnostic techniques. , 2008, American journal of dentistry.

[22]  R. Curran,et al.  Techniques in Immunocytochemistry , 1983 .

[23]  W. Oyen,et al.  FDG‐PET in the Clinically Negative Neck in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma , 2006, The Laryngoscope.

[24]  N. Dubrawsky.  Cancer statistics , 1989, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[25]  R. Jordan,et al.  Advanced diagnostic methods in oral and maxillofacial pathology. Part II: immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods. , 2002, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[26]  O. Hornstein,et al.  DNA-ploidy rates in oral leukoplakias determined by flow-cytometry. , 1982, Journal of oral pathology.

[27]  K. Rankin,et al.  Epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of oral squamous cell carcinoma. , 1984, Journal of oral pathology.

[28]  N. Mohtasham,et al.  Diagnostic Aids in Oral Cancer Screening , 2012 .

[29]  A. Glassman.  Cytogenetics, in situ hybridization and molecular approaches in the diagnosis of cancer. , 1998, Annals of clinical and laboratory science.

[30]  P. Speight,et al.  Critical Evaluation of Diagnostic Aids for the Detection of Oral Cancer , 2008 .

[31]  Y. Furuya,et al.  Fluorescence photography as a diagnostic method for oral cancer. , 1996, Cancer letters.